Ancient apple cultivars from Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy): A potential source for ‘nutrafruit’ production

Piccolo, Ermes Lo; Landi, Marco; Massai, Rossano; Remorini, Damiano; Conte, Giuseppe; Guidi, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.027

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The quality traits of commercial apples grown in large quantities such as 'Fuji', 'Golden Delicious', 'Gala', and 'Idared' are well known [4,18,19] and according to consumer acceptance and demands, firmness, crunchiness, and sweetness are highlighted as important quality traits of apples [20][21][22]. But in the past, many different apple cultivars have been developed that are difficult to find in today's consumer world [23][24][25]. These old, traditional, indigenous varieties are not well known, have been neglected, and are grown only in small quantities, mostly in small orchards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These old, traditional, indigenous varieties are not well known, have been neglected, and are grown only in small quantities, mostly in small orchards. Some of those old apple varieties are preserved in germplasm banks of some countries or regions [23] but there are some that have not yet been registered. Since there is growing consumer awareness for locally grown apples [26], these apples could become important in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, it should be mentioned that there is a growing awareness of the nutritional values of these old varieties as well as their potential for different quality traits such as a diversity of colors, shape, or tastes. That is why there is a growing interest in old, indigenous varieties of apples [23,34] as well as many other fruits or cereals [35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traditional, Indigenous Apple Varieties, a Fruit with Potential for Beneficial Effects: Their Quality Traits and Bioactive Polyphenol Contents

Jakobek

Ištuk

Buljeta

et al. 2020

Foods

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Earlier studies suggested that traditional apple varieties have quality traits well accepted by consumers and beneficial effects on human health. The aim was to collect 25 traditional apple varieties grown in Croatia and to determine, for the first time in so many details, their external (weight, height, width, shape, color), internal quality traits (firmness, starch decomposition index, maturity index, soluble solid concentration, total acids, soluble solid/total acids ratio, pH), and seed characteristics. In addition, individual polyphenols were determined in the flesh and peel, by using RP-HPLC. All was compared to the commercial variety ‘Idared’. Quality parameters of these varieties were similar to those of the commercial variety. The flesh and peel contained flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, and flavonols, while anthocyanins were additionally found in the peel. Total polyphenols in the peel (536–3801 mg kg−1 fresh weight (FW)) and in the flesh (79–1294 mg kg−1 FW) of the majority of varieties were higher than in the commercial variety. Principal component analysis showed possible clustering according to polyphenol amounts. According to the observed diversity of quality traits and bioactive polyphenol contents, the traditional varieties have potential for consumer acceptance and increased cultivation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traditional, Indigenous Apple Varieties, a Fruit with Potential for Beneficial Effects: Their Quality Traits and Bioactive Polyphenol Contents

Jakobek

Ištuk

Buljeta

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in the preservation of traditional apple varieties, which can still be found in individual orchards. Due to favorable differences in their adaptive characteristics that developed through many years, many of these traditional varieties should be preserved for the modern fruit-culture, such as the shape of their fruit, their taste, peel and pulp colors and their higher resistance to diseases [1,2]. In Croatia, many of these varieties still exist in locations where they have adapted well to the environmental and geographic features, which make them desirable for breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, in Western countries, there is a change of the concept of food, where consumers in addition to organoleptic quality require products with nutraceutical properties that make them beneficial for human health [3]. Apples are generally considered "healthy food"; one of the most important features of apples, the one that makes them interesting for researchers, is their polyphenol content, especially flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, dihydrochalcones and anthocyanins [1,2,[4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peel of Traditional Apple Varieties as a Great Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction by Micro-Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion

Lončarić

Matanović

Ferrer

et al. 2020

Foods

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Micro matrix solid phase dispersion (micro-MSPD) was optimized by response surface methodology for the extraction of polyphenols from the peel of twelve traditional and eight commercial apple varieties grown in Croatia. The optimized micro-MSPD procedure includes the use of 0.2 g of sample, 0.8 g of dispersant, a 57% solution of methanol in water as the solvent and 5 mL of extract volume. The total polyphenolic index (TPI) and antioxidant activity (AA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Eighteen polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC-DAD and LC-(ESI)-MS. The peel of traditional apple varieties had higher contents of all investigated polyphenols. Calculated relative contribution of polyphenol groups indicated non-flavonoids (28.6%) and flavanols (46.2%) as the major contributors to the total polyphenolic content in traditional and commercial apple varieties, respectively. The most abundant polyphenol in traditional apple peel was chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin (1143 ± 755 µg/g dw, 954 ± 343 µg/g dw and 560 ± 362 µg/g dw, respectively). The peel of varieties ‘Apistar’, ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Božićnica’ could be highlighted as an important source of polyphenols.

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Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so‐called ‘green revolution’ theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars (‘Belfiore’, ‘Pomella Genovese’, ‘Gravenstein’, ‘Bella del Bosco’, and ‘Piatlin’) were compared with a ‘Golden Delicious’ commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non‐specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. ‘Bella del Bosco’ had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Piatlin’ had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than ‘Golden Delicious’. Immunoblotting techniques showed that ‘Bella del Bosco’ and ‘Piatlin’ had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple‐based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Ancient apple cultivars from Garfagnana (Tuscany, Italy): A potential source for ‘nutrafruit’ production

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Traditional, Indigenous Apple Varieties, a Fruit with Potential for Beneficial Effects: Their Quality Traits and Bioactive Polyphenol Contents

Traditional, Indigenous Apple Varieties, a Fruit with Potential for Beneficial Effects: Their Quality Traits and Bioactive Polyphenol Contents

Peel of Traditional Apple Varieties as a Great Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction by Micro-Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion

Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy

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