Ancient Antarctica: the early evolutionary history of
            <i>Nothofagus</i>

Vento, Bárbara; Agraín, Federico; Puebla, Griselda

doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2150549

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Among the Gondwana endemic angiosperm lineages, Nothofagus is a basal lineage of Fagales, represented by 43 extant species of trees and shrubs that occur in South America, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and New Guinea (Swenson et al 2001). Nothofagus first appeared in the Late Cretaceous (Mcglone et al 1996) and is particularly relevant, once its origin and dispersion center seem to be Antarctica, where they are currently extinct (Leppe et al 2012, Vento et al 2022. A phylogenetic analysis supports the early diversification of this taxon, as it reveals Paleogene fossil leaves from Patagonia closely related to modern species (Vento et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nothofagus first appeared in the Late Cretaceous (Mcglone et al 1996) and is particularly relevant, once its origin and dispersion center seem to be Antarctica, where they are currently extinct (Leppe et al 2012, Vento et al 2022. A phylogenetic analysis supports the early diversification of this taxon, as it reveals Paleogene fossil leaves from Patagonia closely related to modern species (Vento et al 2022). Antarctic Nothofagus fossils are represented for all by leaf impressions, but wood fragments, branches, and pollens have been also reported (Hill & Jordan 1993, Hill 2001, Cantrill & Poole 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica

SANTOS FILHO,

BRUM,

SOUZA

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Despite the enormous paleobotanical record on different islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, the evidence of insect activity associated with fossilized plants is scarce. Here we report the first evidence of insect-plant interaction from Cretaceous deposits, more precisely from a new locality at the Rip Point area, Nelson Island (Antarctic Peninsula). The macrofossil assemblage includes isolated Nothofagus sp. leaf impressions, a common component of the Antarctic paleoflora. Two hundred leaves were examined, of which 15 showed evidence of insect activity, displaying variations in size, shape, and preservation. Two types of interaction damage, galls and mines, were identified. A single specimen retained a circular scar recognized as galling scar, while meandering tracks were considered mines. These traces of herbivore insect activity, correspond to the oldest known record of this type of interaction of West Antarctica and the oldest record of insect-plant interaction in Nothofagus sp. reported so far.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica

SANTOS FILHO,

BRUM,

SOUZA

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…Beyond the resistome, remote environments have also been recognized for their potential to host novel pathogens and virulence factor genes (VFGs) (He et al, 2022; Kim et al, 2022). Moreover, before Antarctica froze more than 10 million years ago, it had a temperate to sub-tropical climate with rainforest environments hosting several plant and animal species, including Nothofagus trees, dinosaurs, amphibians, and ancient mammals (Defler, 2019; Kloess et al, 2020; Mörs et al, 2020; O’Gorman et al, 2019; Vento et al, 2022). Thus, bacterial pathogens associated with these organisms likely existed in several areas of Antarctica, some potentially remaining under the ice for millions of years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the edge: microbial diversity, resistome, and virulome in soils from the Union Glacier cold desert

Arros,

Palma,

Gálvez-Silva

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The high-latitude regions of Antarctica remain among the most remote, extreme, and least explored areas on Earth. Despite the highly restrictive conditions, microbial life has been found in these environments, although with limited information on their genetic properties and functional capabilities. Moreover, the accelerated melting of the Antarctic permafrost, the increasing exposure of soils, and the growing human transit pose the question of whether these environments could be a source of microbes or genes that could emerge and cause global health problems. In this line, although a high bacterial diversity and autochthonous multidrug-resistant bacteria have been found in soils of the Antarctic Peninsula, we still lack information regarding the resistome of areas closer to the South Pole. Moreover, no previous studies have evaluated the pathogenic potential of microbes inhabiting Antarctic soils. In this work, we combined metagenomic and culture-dependent approaches to investigate the microbial diversity, resistome, virulome, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in soils from Union Glacier, a high-latitude cold desert in West Antarctica. Despite the low organic matter content, diverse bacterial lineages were found, predominating Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, with limited archaeal and fungal taxa. We recovered more than 80 species-level representative genomes (SRGs) of predominant bacterial taxa and the archaeon Nitrosocosmicus sp. Diverse putative resistance and virulence genes were predicted among the SRGs, metagenomic reads, and contigs. Furthermore, we characterized bacterial isolates resistant to up to 24 clinical antibiotics, mainly Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Plantibacter, and Flavobacterium. Moreover, some isolates produced putative virulence factors, including siderophores, pyocyanins, and exoenzymes with hemolytic, lecithinase, protease, and DNAse activity. This evidence uncovers a largely unexplored resistome and virulome hosted by deep Antarctica's soil microbial communities and the presence of bacteria with pathogenic potential, highlighting the relevance of One Health approaches for environmental surveillance in the white continent.

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Palaeocene high-latitude leaf flora of Antarctica Part 2: Tooth-margined angiosperms

Tosolini

Cantrill

Korasidis

et al. 2023

Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

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Ancient Antarctica: the early evolutionary history of Nothofagus

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica

First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica

Life on the edge: microbial diversity, resistome, and virulome in soils from the Union Glacier cold desert

Palaeocene high-latitude leaf flora of Antarctica Part 2: Tooth-margined angiosperms

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