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Lu 魯 is the name of a domain located around Qufu 曲阜 in modern Shandong province. The Western Zhou royal house, at the beginning of the first millennium bce , assigned Lu to the Duke of Zhou 周公 or his son Bo Qin 伯禽. It remained within their lineage until 249 bce , when Lu, defeated by Chu 楚, ceased to exist. Lu is the home state of Confucius or Kongzi 孔子 (551(?)–479 bce ). Due to the connection with the sage, the annals of Lu were not only preserved but became part of the classical canon. In the Western (202 bce –8 ce ) and Eastern Han (25 ce –220 ce ) periods, Lu was revived as a regional kingdom ( wangguo 王國). Histories of the period celebrate the place as a bastion of classical learning and as a site of memory related to Confucius.
Lu 魯 is the name of a domain located around Qufu 曲阜 in modern Shandong province. The Western Zhou royal house, at the beginning of the first millennium bce , assigned Lu to the Duke of Zhou 周公 or his son Bo Qin 伯禽. It remained within their lineage until 249 bce , when Lu, defeated by Chu 楚, ceased to exist. Lu is the home state of Confucius or Kongzi 孔子 (551(?)–479 bce ). Due to the connection with the sage, the annals of Lu were not only preserved but became part of the classical canon. In the Western (202 bce –8 ce ) and Eastern Han (25 ce –220 ce ) periods, Lu was revived as a regional kingdom ( wangguo 王國). Histories of the period celebrate the place as a bastion of classical learning and as a site of memory related to Confucius.
This Element explores the circulation of musical instruments, practices, and thought in pre-modern Eurasia at the crossroads of empires and nomadic cultures. It takes into consideration mechanisms of transmission, appropriation, adaptation, and integration that helped shape musical traditions that are perceived as culturally and geographically distinct yet are historically linked. The four stories featured here range from the geographically diverse performing groups during the Sui and Tang era, to the elusive musical world of Kucha in the Tarim Basin; from the fragmentary history of a single instrument linked to the Turkic peoples across Eurasia, to the transcontinental circulation of sound-making automata, including the organ, on both east-west and north-south axes. Within the conceptual background of cultural encounter and exchange, this Element provides possible strategies for integrating such information into the historical tapestry of Eurasian transcontinental networks as explored in other Elements in the series.
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