Phytoplankton dynamics were investigated at the mesoscale in the northern part of the Strait of Sicily in July-August 1997 on fractionated samples (< 3 and > 3 μm) using HPLC pigment analysis and flow cytometry. Distribution, diversity and photoacclimation varied within the different water masses and features present at the time of sampling, including a surface filament of deep, cold water. Picophytoplankton (< 3 μm) accounted for 80% of total chlorophyll on average, and was numerically dominated by cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus, with an average concentration of 5.2 × 10 4 cells ml -1. The biomass and pigment diversity of picophytoplankton was higher in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) and was related to hydrological and biological features, whereas larger phytoplankton (> 3 μm) appeared to respond to different cues. Chlorophyll pigment content per cell of Synechococcus spp., Prochlorococcus spp. or picoeukaryotes was estimated by coupling pigment data with flow cytometric counts. In Prochlorococcus spp., we found an average of 0.44 and 1.56 fg divinyl-chlorophyll a (dvchl a) cell -1 in surface and DCM layers, respectively. In contrast, chl a content in the picoeukaryote group ranged between 17 and 168 fg chl a cell -1 , depending upon depth and water mass, which suggested strong photoacclimation and photoadaptation with depth. The relative contribution of each eukaryote pigment to one size class or the other changed through the water column, and reflected size segregation within single taxonomic groups.
KEY WORDS: Picophytoplankton · Biodiversity · Deep chlorophyll maximum · DCM · Pigments · HPLC · Flow cytometry · MesoscaleResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Aquat Microb Ecol 44: 127-141, 2006 Data from HPLC-pigment analysis were coupled to flow cytometry counts to obtain pigment content per cell, used as an indicator of light adaptation. Using this approach, we were able to separate and to assess the contribution of the picophytoplankton to total community composition, diversity and physiological state, mainly by examining the pigment content and variability per cell. So far, this approach has been used to better characterize the phytoplankton community in terms of chlorophyll or divinyl-chlorophyll (Brunet & Lizon 2003, Veldhuis & Kraay 2004, but very few studies have coupled pigment analysis and flow cytometry to describe picoeukaryotes in fractionated samples . Apart from providing insights into their taxonomic diversity as well as their photoacclimation properties, this approach can quantitatively complement information from molecular tools, which have recently revealed the high specific diversity of picoeukaryotes in several marine ecosystems (Moonvan der Staay et al. 2000, Díez et al. 2001, 2004.The study area chosen provided an ideal area to study the interaction of plankton biology with hydrodynamics, because it is a location of active mesoscale dynamics, with recurrent physical structures such as fronts, filaments and meanders (Le...