Anchoring of Nanocomposites Based on Novel Metal Nanocomplexes/Nanocarbonaceous Surfaces and Assessing Their In Vivo Anticancer Effects on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the study of materials' unique properties at the nanoscale. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology in medicine, which has been utilized to treat some common diseases, such as cancer. The aim of the present work is to synthesize the cadmium (Cd) nanocomplex using paracetamol as a ligand with a molar ratio of 1:2 M/L that was characterized by different physicochemical methods and to explore the effect of the synthesized Cd nanocomplex on the immune system and the redox status of the body and their anticancer effects on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced in mice. Eighty female albino mice were separated into Group I: control; Group II: EAC; Group III: EAC treated with a low-dose Cd nanocomplex; and Group IV: EAC treated with a high-dose Cd nanocomplex. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peroxynitrite level and glutathione peroxidase activity were assessed by spectrophotometry. NRF2 mRNA expression, cadmium content, and liver and renal toxicity were estimated. Results: There was a significant increase in IL-6, NLRP3, 8-OHdG, peroxynitrite, and NRF2 mRNA expressions and in the glutathione peroxidase activity in EAC treated with lowand high-dose Cd nanocomplexes. However, the EAC treated with high-dose Cd nanocomplex group showed significant liver and renal toxicity. Conclusion: Cadmium nanocomplex has anticancer effects on EAC induced in mice via its effects on the immune system and redox status as well as pyroptosis and epigenetic instability of the body, while high doses of Cd nanocomplex can cause liver and renal toxicity.