Anatomy

Peters, Esther C.

doi:10.1002/9781118828502.ch6

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…B 283: 20160206 substrate, and the pharynx ( ph) forms by inward invagination of the pse, just below the oral disc. Tentacles grow upward from the oral disc (figure 1b; electronic supplementary material, figure S1; not visible in figure 2 in the sections selected), but were not studied here because they retracted upon fixation, and thus were hard to distinguish from inner mesenterial bulbs (or cnidoglandular bands [15]), which were therefore also not included in this study (figure 1b).…”

Section: Results (A) Tissue Organization and Remodelling During Metammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly large standard deviations of the BrdU signal intensity in the calicodermis (figure 4f ) indicate asynchronous cycling of the incoming cells. Migration may occur via displacement of epithelial cells in the pse, as in the Hydra body column [22], or through the mesenteries that connect the pharynx to the polyp basal floor [15,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell proliferation and migration during early development of a symbiotic scleractinian coral

et al. 2016

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In scleractinian reef-building corals, patterns of cell self-renewal, migration and death remain virtually unknown, limiting our understanding of cellular mechanisms underlying initiation of calcification, and ontogenesis of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate relationship. In this study, we pulse-labelled the coral Stylophora pistillata for 24 h with BrdU at four life stages (planula, early metamorphosis, primary polyp and adult colony) to investigate coral and endosymbiont cell proliferation during development, while simultaneously recording TUNEL-positive (i.e. apoptotic) nuclei. In the primary polyp, the fate of BrdU-labelled cells was tracked during a 3-day chase. The pharynx and gastrodermis were identified as the most proliferative tissues in the developing polyp, and BrdU-labelled cells accumulated in the surface pseudostratified epithelium and the skeletogenic calicodermis during the chase, revealing cell migration to these epithelia. Surprisingly, the lowest cell turnover was recorded in the calicodermis at all stages, despite active, ongoing skeletal deposition. In dinoflagellate symbionts, DNA synthesis was systematically higher than coral host gastrodermis, especially in planula and early metamorphosis. The symbiont to host cell ratio remained constant, however, indicating successive post-mitotic control mechanisms by the host of its dinoflagellate density in early life stages, increasingly shifting to apoptosis in the growing primary polyp.

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Section: Results (A) Tissue Organization and Remodelling During Metammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell proliferation and migration during early development of a symbiotic scleractinian coral

et al. 2016

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“…Corals are considered simple metazoans, but despite their basal phylogenetic position, they nevertheless form complex three-dimensional structures. Anatomically, the coral consists of (1) a surface mucus layer, (2) polyps consisting of feeding tentacles, actinopharynx, mesenteries (including their filaments), and walls (surface and basal), (3) a gastrovascular system that includes gastrovascular cavity (formerly coelenteron) and connecting canals and (4) an external calcium carbonate skeleton 15,16 . The coral tissue layers are composed of epithelia, calicodermis (formerly calicoblastic epithelium) and the gastrodermis which also contains the Symbiodinaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus

Wada

Ishimochi

Matsui

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Bacterial diversity associated with corals has been studied extensively, however, localization of bacterial associations within the holobiont is still poorly resolved. Here we provide novel insight into the localization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus. In total, 318 and 308 CAMAs were characterized via histological and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approaches respectively, and shown to be distributed extensively throughout coral tissues collected from five sites in Japan and Australia. The densities of CAMAs within the tissues were negatively correlated with the distance from the coastline (i.e. lowest densities at offshore sites). CAMAs were randomly distributed across the six coral tissue regions investigated. Within each CAMA, bacterial cells had similar morphological characteristics, but bacterial morphologies varied among CAMAs, with at least five distinct types identified. Identifying the location of microorganisms associated with the coral host is a prerequisite for understanding their contributions to fitness. Localization of tissue-specific communities housed within CAMAs is particularly important, as these communities are potentially important contributors to vital metabolic functions of the holobiont.

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Corals regulate the distribution and abundance of Symbiodiniaceae and biomolecules in response to changing water depth and sea surface temperature

Sivaguru

Todorov

Fouke

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The Scleractinian corals Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata have survived by acclimatizing to environmental changes in water depth and sea surface temperature (SST). However, the complex physiological mechanisms by which this is achieved remain only partially understood, limiting the accurate prediction of coral response to future climate change. This study quantitatively tracks spatial and temporal changes in Symbiodiniaceae and biomolecule (chromatophores, calmodulin, carbonic anhydrase and mucus) abundance that are essential to the processes of acclimatization and biomineralization. Decalcified tissues from intact healthy Orbicella biopsies, collected across water depths and seasonal SST changes on Curaçao, were analyzed with novel autofluorescence and immunofluorescence histology techniques that included the use of custom antibodies. O. annularis at 5 m water depth exhibited decreased Symbiodiniaceae and increased chromatophore abundances, while O. faveolata at 12 m water depth exhibited inverse relationships. Analysis of seasonal acclimatization of the O. faveolata holobiont in this study, combined with previous reports, suggests that biomolecules are differentially modulated during transition from cooler to warmer SST. Warmer SST was also accompanied by decreased mucus production and decreased Symbiodiniaceae abundance, which is compensated by increased photosynthetic activity enhanced calcification. These interacting processes have facilitated the remarkable resiliency of the corals through geological time.

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Anatomy

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Cell proliferation and migration during early development of a symbiotic scleractinian coral

Cell proliferation and migration during early development of a symbiotic scleractinian coral

Characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus

Corals regulate the distribution and abundance of Symbiodiniaceae and biomolecules in response to changing water depth and sea surface temperature

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