Anatomy of the rectum and anal canal

Mahadevan, Vishy

doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.12.008

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The rectum is an entirely intrapelvic structure that lacks the taeniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages that characterize the preceding segments of the colon. The lower third rectum is also referred to as the rectal ampulla and has a dilated lumen that is easily distensible (Mahadevan, 2014).…”

Section: Relevant Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

et al. 2020

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Clinical management of constipation has evolved from the prescription of dietary supplements, to potent stimulant laxatives, to corrective surgeries for organic blockage. Yet constipation does not respond to a one-size-fits-all treatment. In recent decades, the Bristol Stool Form Scale and Rome III diagnostic criteria have allowed for algorithmic diagnosis, yet these criteria could benefit from further extension and meaningful discussion. This review incorporates pertinent clinical updates and uses the anatomy and physiology of constipation as helpful signposts for the practicing clinician.

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Section: Relevant Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

et al. 2020

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Section: External Anal Sphinctermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histologically, it can be divided into subcutaneous, superficial, and deep portions, but in gross view these three portions cannot be differentiated (Mahadevan 2011). The distal edge of the EAS is longer than that of the internal anal sphincter, so the intersphincter groove is generated between these two edges (Mahadevan 2011). Fibers from the medial portions of the levator ani muscle (puboanalis and puborectalis) travel posteriorly to blend with the periphery of the EAS, becoming the anococcygeal ligament (Ayoub 1979).…”

Section: External Anal Sphinctermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deep portion of the EAS blends with the puborectalis sling behind the recto-anal junction. The blended area is palpable during digital examination of the rectum (Mahadevan 2011). The action of the EAS is to maintain basic muscle tone in order to sustain closure of the anus.…”

Section: External Anal Sphinctermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood supply to the EAS is mainly from the inferior rectal artery. Its innervation is primarily from the inferior anal nerve (inferior rectal nerve) (Moore 2006;Mahadevan 2011), and occasionally from the perineal nerve (off the fourth sacral spinal root or the pudendal nerve) or the anococcygeal nerve (off the S4 spinal root) (Sato 1980). In general, anatomical variations of the EAS in terms of origin, insertion, blood, and nerve supply are uncommon.…”

Section: External Anal Sphinctermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pelvic Diaphragm and External Anal Sphincter

Liu

Salem

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in defining dentate line in anal fistula

et al. 2022

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Purpose To retrospectively assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in defining dentate line in anal fistula. Materials and methods Seventy patients with anal fistulas were assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The distance from the dentate line to the anal verge for all patients was measured by MRI. To mitigate interference, 35 patients with anal fistulas whose internal openings were located on the dentate line were excluded from this study. Two observers independently judged the positional relationship between the internal opening and the MRI-defined dentate line, and compared with the results observed by surgeon to assess the accuracy. Results The distance between the MRI-defined dentate line and the anal verge depended on the location of the internal opening and the morphology of the anal canal mucosa. The distance based on the location the internal opening and the morphology of the anal canal mucosa was 18.2 ± 8.1 mm and 20.0 ± 5.3 mm on oblique coronal T2WI, respectively. Compared with the results observed by the surgeon, the accuracy of evaluating the positional relationship between the internal opening and the dentate line from the morphology of the anal canal mucosa on MRI exceeded 89.9%. Taking 18.2–20.0 mm as the distance between the dentate line and the anal verge on the MRI image, the accuracy of evaluating the relationship between the position of the internal opening and the dentate line was over 85.7%. Considering both the dentate line and the anal canal mucosa, the accuracy of evaluating the relationship between the internal opening and the dentate line was over 91.5%. The results of MRI-defined dentate line were in good agreement with the results of intraoperative surgeon evaluation, and the κ values were 0.70, 0.63, and 0.78, respectively. Conclusion MRI has high accuracy in defining the dentate line in anal fistulas.

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Anatomy of the rectum and anal canal

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation

Pelvic Diaphragm and External Anal Sphincter

Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in defining dentate line in anal fistula

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