Anatomy of the Prostate: Review of the Different Models

Villers, Arnauld; Steg, A; Boccon-Gibod, L

doi:10.1159/000471714

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A cancer was considered as originated from a histological zone if more than 70% of its surface was located in this zone [4]. Study of the site of origin of these cancers was performed for cancers with a volume <4 cm 3 , threshold above which most cancers are not still confined to their zone of origin and extend to the PZ [10]. Studied values for APC were: number, largest surface area, volume, spatial distribution within anterior histological zones with modeling and 3D reconstruction.…”

Section: Histological Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McNeal described three distinct anatomical zones in the prostate: the peripheral zone (PZ) covering the dorsal, lateral and apical parts of the gland, the central zone (CZ) which is cone-shaped with its base at the bladder neck and the tip at the verumontanum, and finally the transition zone (TZ) consisting of two lobes located anteriorly between the proximal urethra and the lateral parts of the PZ. The TZ is separated from the PZ by a stromal band called ''TZ boundary'' [3][4][5] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They tend to stay in the zone where they first developed until they have reached a volume between 2 and 4 cm 3 [10]. Preoperative identification of APC with DCE-MRI at a localized stage <4 cm 3 was recently described for the first time [11]. In this study, AFMS cancers still confined to this zone and seen at MRI could be diagnosed by targeted biopsies, whereas they were not observed at this stage in previous series of RP before the DCE-MRI era (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progression of APC from their site of origin at the level of a TZ glandular acini with a volume <0.1 cm 3 and their growth to a volume of 2 and >4 cm 3 was not described. Precise knowledge of origin, location and the mode of extension of APC is of diagnostic and prognostic interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition zone and anterior stromal prostate cancers: Zone of origin and intraprostatic patterns of spread at histopathology

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUND.To describe the precise location of transition zone (TZ) and anterior fibromuscular stroma (AFMS) prostate cancers (TZ/AFMS) within histological zones at various stages of development and to demonstrate their pattern of intraprostatic spread from their site of origin. METHODS. Anterior TZ/AFMS cancers excluding the anterolateral part of peripheral zone, were identified from radical prostatectomy specimens. Morphometric histopathological study included largest surface area, volume and spatial distribution. RESULTS. Out of 91 TZ/AFMS cancers, 79 were <4 cm 3 and 69 <2 cm 3 . Fifty percent and 70% of cancers <4 cm 3 were located in the anterior third and inferior half of TZ and/or AFMS, respectively. Cancers <2 cm 3 could be classified into three types according to their location related to histologic zone boundaries: TZ type 1 (40%) for cancers confined to one TZ lobe; TZ type 2 (35%) for cancers most represented in one TZ lobe but crossing its anterior boundary; type AFMS (25%) for cancers confined to AFMS. These results form the rationale for the hypothesis that AFMS cancers originate from anterior and medial TZ and due to benign prostatic hypertrophy they become excluded from TZ, anteriorly into AFMS. TZ anterior limit would then act as a barrier to their posterior extension. CONCLUSIONS. TZ/AFMS cancers contours and locations are predictable and conform to histological zones boundaries. Knowledge of these cancer origin and pattern of spread in TZ and AFMS are of importance for imaging diagnosis, guidance for biopsy and focal therapy.

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Section: Histological Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition zone and anterior stromal prostate cancers: Zone of origin and intraprostatic patterns of spread at histopathology

et al. 2008

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“…More than 95% of the prostate tumors derive from luminal cells, which grow in an androgen-dependent manner through androgen receptor activation. There are three distinct glandular regions in the human prostate gland: peripheral, central, and transitional zone comprising: 70, 30, and 5% of the normal glandular prostate mass respectively (Villers et al 1991). The peripheral zone is the site of origin of most carcinomas and it is the most susceptible region to inflammation, the central zone is resistant to both carcinoma and inflammation, while the transitional zone is the site of origin of benign nodular hyperplasia and rarely carcinomas (McNeal 1969, 1978, McNeal et al 1988a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 3A5 is highly expressed in normal prostate cells but absent in prostate cancer

Leskelä

Honrado²,

Montero‐Conde

et al. 2007

Endocr Relat Cancer

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Testosterone is essential for the growth and function of the luminal prostate cells, but it is also critical for the development of prostate cancer, which in the majority of the cases derives from luminal cells. Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes hydroxylate testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to less active metabolites, which might be the basis for the association between CYP3A polymorphisms and prostate cancer. However, it is unknown whether the CYP3A enzymes are expressed at relevant levels in the prostate and which polymorphisms could affect this tissue-specific CYP3A activity. Thus, we measured CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and CYP3A43 mRNA in 14 benign prostatic hyperplasias and ten matched non-tumoral/tumoral prostate samples. We found that CYP3A5 mRNA in non-tumoral prostate tissue was 10% of the average amount of liver samples, whereas the expression of the other CYP3A genes was much lower. Similarly to liver, CYP3A5*3 polymorphism decreased CYP3A5 mRNA content 13-fold. CYP3A5 protein was detected in non-tumoral prostate microsomes by western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) localized CYP3A5 exclusively in the basolateral prostate cells. In contrast to the normal tissue, IHC and RT-PCR showed that tumoral tissue lacked CYP3A5 expression. In conclusion, prostate basolateral cells express high levels of CYP3A5 which dramatically decrease in tumoral tissue. This finding supports an endogenous function of CYP3A5 related to the metabolism of intra-prostatic androgens and cell growth, and that polymorphisms affecting CYP3A5 activity may result in altered prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness.

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Terminology of the prostate and related structures

Wendell-Smith

2000

Clin. Anat.

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Anatomy of the Prostate: Review of the Different Models

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Transition zone and anterior stromal prostate cancers: Zone of origin and intraprostatic patterns of spread at histopathology

Transition zone and anterior stromal prostate cancers: Zone of origin and intraprostatic patterns of spread at histopathology

Cytochrome P450 3A5 is highly expressed in normal prostate cells but absent in prostate cancer

Terminology of the prostate and related structures

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