Anatomy of the Platelet Cytoskeleton

Falet, Hervé

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47462-5_11

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 148 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These platelet recognition properties include the exposure of the subendothelial basement membrane or underlying matrix induced by wounding or endothelial retraction [18–23]. The rapid formation of filopodia facilitated by a variety of adhesion receptors linked to a highly reactive cytoskeleton helps maximize dynamic surface contacts and the rapid response rate of platelets [24–31]. …”

Section: Platelet “First Responder” Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet “first responders” in wound response, cancer, and metastasis

Menter

Kopetz

Hawk

et al. 2017

Cancer Metastasis Rev

145

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platelets serve as “First Responders” during normal wounding and homeostasis. Arising from bone marrow stem cell lineage megakaryocytes, anucleate platelets can influence inflammation and immune regulation. Biophysically, platelets are optimized due to size and discoid morphology to distribute near vessel walls, monitor vascular integrity and initiate quick responses to vascular lesions. Adhesion receptors linked to a highly reactive filopodia-generating cytoskeleton maximizes their vascular surface contact allowing rapid response capabilities. Functionally, platelets normally initiate rapid clotting, vasoconstriction, inflammation and wound biology that leads to sterilization, tissue repair and resolution. Platelets also are among the first to sense, phagocytize, decorate, or react to pathogens in the circulation. These platelet first responder properties are commandeered during chronic inflammation, cancer progression and metastasis. Leaky or inflammatory reaction blood vessel genesis during carcinogenesis provides opportunities for platelet invasion into tumors. Cancer is thought of as a non-healing or chronic wound that can be actively aided by platelet mitogenic properties to stimulate tumor growth. This growth ultimately outstrips circulatory support leads to angiogenesis and intravasation of tumor cells into the blood stream. Circulating tumor cells reengage additional platelets, which facilitates tumor cell adhesion, arrest and extravasation and metastasis. This process, along with the hypercoagulable states associated with malignancy is amplified by IL6 production in tumors that stimulate liver thrombopoietin production and elevates circulating platelet numbers by thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow. These complex interactions and the “First Responder” role of platelets during diverse physiologic stresses provides a useful therapeutic target that deserves further exploration.

show abstract

Section: Platelet “First Responder” Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet “first responders” in wound response, cancer, and metastasis

Menter

Kopetz

Hawk

et al. 2017

Cancer Metastasis Rev

145

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This would explain the absence of a strong phenotype in most platelet functional assays while aspects like integrin β2 translocation reported by us and the formation of F-actin and cofilin dephosphorylation in response to agonists reported by others [20] are specifically or more strongly dependent on Coro1 function. This is not uncommon among components of the actin cytoskeleton, where examples abound [30]. Thus, disruption of the Arp2/3 complex regulators cortactin and its homolog HS1 does not cause any noticeable alteration in platelet function, indicating that their roles might be fulfilled by other proteins [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The availability of animal models has significantly contributed to elucidate the roles in platelet function of cytoskeleton proteins, which usually cannot be targeted pharmacologically [30]. Here we present a functional characterization of Coro1, an abundant class I coronin, in a KO mouse model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronin 1 Is Required for Integrin β2 Translocation in Platelets

Riley

Khalil

Pieters

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is one of the critical events that allows platelets to undergo morphological and functional changes in response to receptor-mediated signaling cascades. Coronins are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, represented by the abundant coronins 1, 2, and 3 and the less abundant coronin 7 in platelets, but their functions in these cells are poorly understood. A recent report revealed impaired agonist-induced actin polymerization and cofilin phosphoregulation and altered thrombus formation in vivo as salient phenotypes in the absence of an overt hemostasis defect in vivo in a knockout mouse model of coronin 1. Here we show that the absence of coronin 1 is associated with impaired translocation of integrin β2 to the platelet surface upon stimulation with thrombin while morphological and functional alterations, including defects in Arp2/3 complex localization and cAMP-dependent signaling, are absent. Our results suggest a large extent of functional overlap among coronins 1, 2, and 3 in platelets, while aspects like integrin β2 translocation are specifically or predominantly dependent on coronin 1.

show abstract

“…1A). 4,5 Spectrins (approximately 2,000 molecules in a single platelet) form heterodimers (α/β subunits) and assemble into tetramers of 200 nm lengths. The spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton interconnects with actin filaments and supports the maintenance of the platelet shape.…”

Section: Platelet Cytoskeleton and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet Shape Changes during Thrombus Formation: Role of Actin-Based Protrusions

Bender¹,

Palankar

2021

Hamostaseologie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Platelet activation and aggregation are essential to limit blood loss at sites of vascular injury but may also lead to occlusion of diseased vessels. The platelet cytoskeleton is a critical component for proper hemostatic function. Platelets change their shape after activation and their contractile machinery mediates thrombus stabilization and clot retraction. In vitro studies have shown that platelets, which come into contact with proteins such as fibrinogen, spread and first form filopodia and then lamellipodia, the latter being plate-like protrusions with branched actin filaments. However, the role of platelet lamellipodia in hemostasis and thrombus formation has been unclear until recently. This short review will briefly summarize the recent findings on the contribution of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodial structures to platelet function.

show abstract

Anatomy of the Platelet Cytoskeleton

Cited by 11 publications

References 148 publications

Platelet “first responders” in wound response, cancer, and metastasis

Platelet “first responders” in wound response, cancer, and metastasis

Coronin 1 Is Required for Integrin β2 Translocation in Platelets

Platelet Shape Changes during Thrombus Formation: Role of Actin-Based Protrusions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About