Anatomy of the periodontium: A biological basis for radiographic evaluation of periradicular pathology

Abstract

The periodontium surrounds and supports the teeth and consists of four major components; gingiva, periodontal ligaments, cementum/dentin, and alveolar bone/lamina dura, with collective function of keeping the tooth in position despite varying changes and responses during mastication. A near-normal radiograph of periradicular tissues was used as the basis for evaluation of some common periradicular radiographic pathologies. Apical periodontitis was 70 (58.33%), alveolar abscess 32 (26.66%), and apical granulomas 15 (12.50%). A background anatomy of the periodontium is advocated as a precondition for accurate evaluation of periradicular pathologies.

Levels of Myeloperoxidase and Metalloproteinase-9 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Diabetic Subjects with and without Stage 2, Grade B Periodontitis

“…It can be classified, due to its main functions, into two categories: the attachment periodontium, which involves periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone; the protection periodontium, only formed by the gingiva which is in a close relationship with the gingival sulcus: a “V” shaped, shallow cavity that relies underneath the gingival margin. In health, the gingival sulcus maintains a depth of 0-3 millimeters (mm), measured from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus, and also contains a low amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) which is an inflammatory exudate that increases its volume when inflammation occurs and also contains a variety of biomarkers that are related to inflammatory processes [1].…”