Anatomy of the Deep Venous System of the Popliteal Fossa and Lower Leg

Kobak, Mathew W.; Lev, Maurice

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1954.01260050352011

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This pattern appears to be in agreement with that described by authors as Van Limborgh and Kwakye [4], Kobak and Lev [5], Henry and Satiani [15], Black [14], and Uhl and Gillot [17]. Out of the 47.5% of the SV that terminated in the tibial veins, 27.1% terminated in the VTPM and 20.3% in the VTPL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For Kobak and Lev [5], the veins of the soleus muscle would drain mainly to the fibular veins as small soleus veins would end in the posterior tibial and fibular veins. Cocket [6] and Dodd and Cocket [7] described the venous sinuses formed inside the soleus muscle that would drain for short and loose veins that finally outfall in the tibial and fibular veins later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anatomy of Extramuscular Soleus Veins: Clinical Impact

Aragão¹,

Reis²,

Aragão³

et al. 2017

Human Anatomy - Reviews and Medical Advances

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The venous system of the lower limbs has great structural and functional anatomical complexity which must be considered in different dysfunctions of this system. This complexity lies mainly in the venous return, which is changed from the upright position and ambulation and other factors such as level of physical activity, heart function, circulating blood volume, and ambient temperature. Anatomical description of soleus veins (SV) has received little attention from books' anatomy texts. These veins are intramuscular deep veins and known as the main chamber of the calf pump. Soleus veins have been implicated as the site for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Detailed anatomical knowledge is required for early diagnosis using noninvasive ultrasound techniques. In the present work, we describe the anatomy of the veins that emerge from the ventral surface of the soleus muscle. Twenty-eight soleus muscles were dissected and 543 veins were found. The number of veins per leg ranged from 7 to 38. The distribution of these veins per quadrant ranged from 0 to 12. The greatest number of veins occurred in the upper lateral quadrant. Most of the soleus veins drained into the posterior tibial and fibular veins. The mean length of the soleus veins ranged from 0.907 to 2.804 cm. We conclude that there is a wide variability in the distribution of soleus veins through the soleus muscle and its quadrants. The majority of the soleus veins drain into the tibial and fibular veins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Extramuscular Soleus Veins: Clinical Impact

Aragão¹,

Reis²,

Aragão³

et al. 2017

Human Anatomy - Reviews and Medical Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We hope to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of deep venous thrombosis and an useful guide for clinicians performing duplex ultrasound examination as well as surgeons operating on patients with recurrent varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency. [9][10][11][12][13]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Study of the Gastrocnemius Venous Network and Proposal for a Classification of the Veins

Aragão

Reis

Pitta

et al. 2006

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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Objectives. To present a detailed description of the gastrocnemius venous network. Design. Anatomical study in cadavers. Material and methods. Forty lower limbs from 20 adult male cadavers were studied. All gastrocnemius veins were dissected from the gastrocnemius muscle heads proximally toward their drainage site. Results. Eighty heads of 40 gastrocnemius muscles showed 438 gastrocnemius veins. The number of veins per muscle head varied between 2 and 12. There were 221 gastrocnemius trunks distributed as 95 main gastrocnemius trunks, 81 axial and 45 collateral ones. From the 95 main gastrocnemius trunks, 83 (87%) drained into the popliteal vein. Direct observation of the gastrocnemius venous network allowed us to classify the anatomical distribution as four distinct types. Conclusions. The majority of main gastrocnemius venous trunks drain into the popliteal vein. There is wide variability in the number of gastrocnemius veins. We propose a classification of four distinct types of anatomical pattern.

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Anatomie der Beinvenen

Kubík¹

1986

Varizen, Ulcus Cruris Und Thrombose

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Anatomy of the Deep Venous System of the Popliteal Fossa and Lower Leg

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Anatomy of Extramuscular Soleus Veins: Clinical Impact

Anatomy of Extramuscular Soleus Veins: Clinical Impact

Anatomical Study of the Gastrocnemius Venous Network and Proposal for a Classification of the Veins

Anatomie der Beinvenen

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