Anatomy of the deep fascia of the upper limb. Second part: study of innervation

Stecco, Carla; Gagey, Olivier; Belloni, Anna S.; Pozzuoli, Assunta; Porzionato, Andrea; Macchi, Veronica; Aldegheri, Roberto; De, Raffaele; Delmas, V.

doi:10.1016/j.morpho.2007.05.002

Cited by 166 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…At this point, the distribution pattern of the connective tissue studied is already concordant with the general definition of fasciae proposed in the literature [4,7,8,15]. By week 39 of development, it condenses to form different layers (2-3 layers) of compact dense regular connective tissue with areolar connective tissue remaining between layers, as described in deep musculoskeletal fasciae in adult humans [5,13,14,16,17]. Also at this point a notable decrease in cell density suggests a more mature form of connective tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The first is formed by a single layer of undulated collagen fibers that are continuous/ adherent with intramuscular septa, and intermixed with many elastic fibers (for instance, the pectoral deep fascia [13]). The other has been shown to be formed by two or three layers of densely packed collagen bundles, interspersed with thin layers of areolar connective tissue and able to slide over the underlying muscle, sharing only a few myofascial connections with it (the crural deep fascia, thoracolumbar deep fascia, the deep fascia of the sternocleidomastoid caudal ending, the rectus abdominis deep fascia, the rectus femoris deep fascia, and the arm and forearm deep fasciae [5,13,14,16,17]). The layers of densely packed connective tissue bundles of multi-layered deep fascia are arranged in the same direction within each layer; however, each layer shows a different direction to its adjacent ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical and histological study of human deep fasciae development

Blasi

Domingo

et al. 2014

Surg Radiol Anat

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and histological study of human deep fasciae development

Blasi

Domingo

et al. 2014

Surg Radiol Anat

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“…Due to fibres interconnecting with adjacent fascia and tendons, it also may be postulated, in accordance with Prestar [1982], Aspden [1987] and Putz [1992], that the lumbar interspinous ligaments do not only limit flexion and separate the interspinal and sacrospinalis muscles of the two sides, but that they are also capable of perceiving any tensional difference between paravertebral and abdominal muscles. It is highly probable that interconnections between the posterior portion of the interspinous ligament and the supraspinous ligament, fascia and local tendons are important in the proprioception and coordination of movements [Stecco et al, 2006].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lumbar Interspinous Ligaments in Humans: Anatomical Study and Review of the Literature

Scapinelli¹,

Stecco²,

Pozzuoli³

et al. 2006

Cells Tissues Organs

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In textbooks of human anatomy and atlases of spinal surgery, the lumbar interspinous ligaments are described and illustrated in various and often conflicting ways. Thirty-four lumbar vertebral columns (19 males, 15 females, range 17–92 years old), sampled at autopsy, were studied by dissection and macroscopic analysis. The orientation of the fibre bundles was evaluated in the sagittal plane by tracing a reference line parallel to the cranial border of the spinous process, and the degree of bundle tilting with reference to this line was measured in the ventral, middle and dorsal parts of the ligament. Histological and immunohistochemical (anti-S100) studies of the ligaments, on sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes, were also carried out. In vivo radiological validation was performed in 25 patients by MR and CT imaging. Macroscopically, the interspinous ligaments are consistently composed of bundles of fibres arranged in a characteristic pattern. Together, they present an oblique orientation from anterior to posterior in a caudal-cranial direction. In their ventral part the bundles form a slight curve with a posterior-inferior concavity. In the middle part, the bundles are thicker and arranged in an italic S shape with a mean degree of tilting of 52 ± 14, 21 ± 12 and 50 ± 17 in the anterior, intermediate and posterior subzones of the L2–L3 ligaments and of 32 ± 14, 11 ± 9 and 18 ± 11 in the anterior, intermediate and posterior subzones of the L4–L5 level. The dorsal part consists of obliquely ascending bundles of fibres mostly converging in the supraspinous ligament. Histologically, these ligaments are mainly composed of collagen fibres, whereas the elastic fibres are ubiquitous, although mostly concentrated in the ventral part, which is closely linked to the yellow ligament. The interspinous ligament is well supplied by small blood vessels and sensory nerves, the latter particularly in its dorsal part and on its lateral surfaces. According to collected data, the structure of the interspinous ligaments reflects their function, i.e., the italic S-shaped course of the fibrous bundles represents an available reserve of length in a poorly elastic ligament.

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“…Ten-micrometre-thick sections were obtained from the embedded samples and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson for elastic fibres and Azan-Mallory stains. An immunohistochemical stain for nervous structures (anti-S100 antibody) was also applied, according to a previously described method [Stecco et al, 2007]. All preparations were ob-served under a Leica DMR microscope.…”

Section: Microscopic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ankle Retinacula: Morphological Evidence of the Proprioceptive Role of the Fascial System

Stecco

Macchi

Porzionato

et al. 2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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Study Design: Research report. Objectives: To evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the ankle retinacula and their relationship with the fasciae and muscles in healthy subjects and in patients with ankle sprain outcomes. Background: The role of the retinacula in proprioception has begun to emerge, but without clear anatomical bases or descriptions of their possible damage in patients with ankle sprain outcomes. Methods: Dissection, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 27 legs. An in vivo radiological study by MRI was also performed on 7 healthy volunteers, 17 patients with outcomes of ankle sprain, and 3 amputated legs. Results: The retinacula are thickenings of the deep fascia presenting bone or muscular connections. They are formed of 2–3 layers of parallel collagen fibre bundles, densely packaged with a little loose connective tissue, without elastic fibres but many nervous fibres and corpuscles. By MRI, the retinacula appeared as low-signal-intensity bands with a mean thickness of 1 mm. In patients with outcomes of ankle sprain, MR findings were abnormal retinacula thickness, signal intensity, and full-thickness gap. Discussion: The retinacula are not static structures for joint stabilisation, like the ligaments, but a specialisation of the fascia for local spatial proprioception of the movements of foot and ankle. Their anatomical variations and accessory bundles may be viewed as morphological evidence of the integrative role of the fascial system in peripheral control of articular motility.

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Anatomy of the deep fascia of the upper limb. Second part: study of innervation

Cited by 166 publications

References 12 publications

Anatomical and histological study of human deep fasciae development

Anatomical and histological study of human deep fasciae development

The Lumbar Interspinous Ligaments in Humans: Anatomical Study and Review of the Literature

The Ankle Retinacula: Morphological Evidence of the Proprioceptive Role of the Fascial System

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