Anatomy of the Clitoris: Revision and Clarifications about the Anatomical Terms for the Clitoris Proposed (without Scientific Bases) by Helen O'Connell, Emmanuele Jannini, and Odile Buisson

Abstract

The anatomy of the clitoris is described in human anatomy textbooks. Some researchers have proposal and divulged a new anatomical terminology for the clitoris. This paper is a revision of the anatomical terms proposed by Helen O'Connell, Emmanuele Jannini, and Odile Buisson. Gynecologists, sexual medicine experts, and sexologists should spread certainties for all women, not hypotheses or personal opinions, they should use scientific terminology: clitoral/vaginal/uterine orgasm, G/A/C/U spot orgasm, and female ejaculation, are terms that should not be used by sexologists, women, and mass media. Clitoral bulbs, clitoral or clitoris-urethrovaginal complex, urethrovaginal space, periurethral glans, Halban's fascia erogenous zone, vaginal anterior fornix erogenous zone, genitosensory component of the vagus nerve, and G-spot, are terms used by some sexologists, but they are not accepted or shared by experts in human anatomy. Sexologists should define have sex, make love, the situation in which the orgasm happens in both partners with or without a vaginal intercourse.

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“…In fact, the vagina and the urethra have no intimate relationship either anatomically or functionally with the clitoris; besides, the female urethra is only 3-4 cm long and the author does not clarify the meaning of "distal urethra" [2].…”

“…The vasculature and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris are not shared with the distal urethra and vagina; the definition for the "tissue cluster" by O'Connell et al has no embryological, anatomical, or physiological support. The locus of female sexual function and orgasm is not the distal urethra and vagina, but rather the clitoris and the other female erectile organs [2]. Dr Dwyer wrote: "In 1950, Ernest Gräfenberg described an area a few centimeters up on the anterior vaginal wall that produces an orgasm different from one produced by clitoral stimulation" [1].…”

“…In 1950 Gräfenberg did describe some cases of female and male urethral masturbation and the corpus spongiosum of the female urethra. He did write that the intraurethral glands could release a fluid that is not urine during orgasm; however, he did not report an orgasm of the intraurethral glands [2].…”

“…Clitoral/vaginal/ uterine orgasm and G, A, C, U, or K-spot orgasm are terms that should not be used by urologists, gynecologists, sexologists, the mass media, or women in general [2].…”

“…The corpora cavernosa begin with the roots or crura (i.e. the hidden part of the clitoris), which are situated alongside the ischiopubic ramus; the crura does not surround the distal urethra and vagina [2]. Dr. Dwyer wrote: "The distal urethra, vagina, and clitoris have a shared vasculature and nerve supply (the dorsal nerve to the clitoris) and form a tissue cluster described by O'Connell et al [4] as the "locus of female sexual function and orgasm"" [1].…”