Anatomy of Terminal Haustoria in the Ovule of Plantain (Plantago major L.) with Taxonomic Comparison to Other Angiosperm Taxa

Mikesell, Jan E.

doi:10.1086/337845

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…These results may support previous theories that the asterid cellular endosperm is not homologous to other cellular endosperms (Dahlgren 1991). Non-homology may be re ected in a set of other ovular and seed features of asterids, such as micropylar and chalazal endosperm haustoria, tenuinucellate ovules and integumentary tapetum (Kapil & Tiwari 1978;Mikesell 1990;Albach et al 2001). It is possible that these features result from correlated evolution, perhaps controlled by a common genetic pathway (Balasubramanian & Schneitz 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The origin and maintenance of nuclear endosperms: viewing development through a phylogenetic lens

Geeta

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The endosperm develops in fertilized ovules of angiosperms following fertilization of the central cell and nuclei in the female gametophyte. Endosperms differ in whether, and which, nuclear divisions are followed by cellular divisions; the variants are classified as cellular, nuclear or helobial. Functional correlates of this variation are little understood. Phylogenetic methods provide a powerful means of exploring taxonomic variation and phylogenetic patterns, to frame questions regarding biological processes. Data on endosperms across angiosperms were analysed in a phylogenetic context in order to determine homologies and detect biases in the direction of evolutionary transitions. Analyses confirm that neither all nuclear nor all helobial endosperms are homologous, raise the possibility that cellular development is a reversal in some derived angiosperms (e.g. asterids) and show that a statistically significant bias towards evolution of nuclear endosperms (and against reversals) prevails in angiosperms as a whole. This bias suggests strong selective advantages to having nuclear endosperm, developmental constraints to reversals or both. Homologies suggest that the microtubular cycle and cellularization pattern characteristic of reproductive cells across land plants may have been independently co-opted during multiple origins of nuclear endosperms, but information on cellular endosperms is essential to investigate further.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The origin and maintenance of nuclear endosperms: viewing development through a phylogenetic lens

Geeta

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…(Scrophulariaceae) (Bhandari & Natesh, 1985), Striga densiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) (Nagendran, Ramakrishna & Narayana, 1980), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) (Mikesell, 1990), Mosla chinensis Maxim. (Lamiaceae) (Kai‐vu, Wen Jie & Shi‐liang, 1997) and Verbena officinalis L. (Verbenaceae) (Kajewska, 1977).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Seed formation in two species ofAdesmia(Fabaceae): co-occurrence of micropylar and lateral endosperm haustoria in legumes and its taxonomic value

Rodríguez-Pontes

2008

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Seed ontogeny of Adesmia bicolor and Adesmia latifolia was analysed using light microscopy and standard histological techniques. Fertilization was porogamic. Linear proembryonal tetrads were observed in A. bicolor. The robust elongated suspensors possessed specialized basal cells. The nucellar epidermis became endothelial. The free-nuclear endosperm produced a micropylar, filamentous and ephemeral haustorium and a lateral sac-like haustorium at the funicular side. The cellular endosperm was initiated from the micropylar zone after the cordiform embryo stage. It mostly disintegrated in mature seeds. The sclerified bilayered testa was derived from the outer ovular integument. Different astrosclereid arrangements beyond the lens in both Adesmia species may be related to the different habitats of the two species. The occurrence of both micropylar and lateral nuclear endosperm haustoria has so far not been reported in Fabaceae and is the most distinctive embryological character of Adesmieae. The taxonomic value of the mostly uniform morphology of the suspensor in the Adesmia species studied could also be relevant. The nature of seed endothelia in many Fabaceae requires accurate redetermination prior to taxonomic use.

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“…Unlike Arabidopsis, several Plantago species are reported to contain specialised nutrient transfer structures called haustoria that develop from the embryo sac. Haustoria have been characterised in the seeds of P. lanceolata 48 , P. major 49 , and P. coronopus, while those in P. pumila (also known as P. exigua) and P. lagopus are described briefly by Johri et al 50 . Cooper 48 observed haustoria "penetrating and digesting the outer portion of the ovule adjacent to the developing endosperm", in P. lanceolata, and this corresponds to the layer we have designated integument in P. ovata.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel features of Plantago ovata seed mucilage accumulation, storage and release

Phan

Cowley

Neumann

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Seed mucilage polysaccharide production, storage and release in Plantago ovata is strikingly different to that of the model plant Arabidopsis. We have used microscopy techniques to track the development of mucilage secretory cells and demonstrate that mature P. ovata seeds do not have an outer intact cell layer within which the polysaccharides surround internal columellae. instead, dehydrated mucilage is spread in a thin homogenous layer over the entire seed surface and upon wetting expands directly outwards, away from the seed. observing mucilage expansion in real time combined with compositional analysis allowed mucilage layer definition and the roles they play in mucilage release and architecture upon hydration to be explored. The first emergent layer of hydrated mucilage is rich in pectin, extremely hydrophilic, and forms an expansion front that functions to 'jumpstart' hydration and swelling of the second layer. this next layer, comprising the bulk of the expanded seed mucilage, is predominantly composed of heteroxylan and appears to provide much of the structural integrity. Our results indicate that the synthesis, deposition, desiccation, and final storage position of mucilage polysaccharides must be carefully orchestrated, although many of these processes are not yet fully defined and vary widely between myxospermous plant species. Abbreviations DPA Days post-anthesis ML Mucilage layer MSC Mucilage secretory cell SEM Scanning electron microscopy Upon exposure to aqueous environments, seeds from myxospermous species extrude a polysaccharide-rich gel from their seed surface, often called mucilage. Numerous species display myxospermy and there are a range of possible evolutionary advantages of synthesising such a carbon-rich and energy-expensive substance 1. Of all myxospermous species, the seed mucilage system of Arabidopsis is the best characterised. Arabidopsis seed mucilage has been used extensively as a proxy for the study of plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, enabling increased molecular characterisation of pectin biosynthesis, its main polysaccharide component 2 , as well as the biosynthesis of cellulose 3,4 and several hemicelluloses 5-8 , which are minor but integral components. Mucilage from other species can be highly diverse 1 and while P. ovata mucilage is also a complex mixture of polymers, it is predominantly heteroxylan with only a minor pectin component. While the pectin component is a near-linear rhamnogalacturonan 9-11 , the P. ovata heteroxylan (accounting for around 90% of the mucilage polysaccharides) is highly complex with the current scientific consensus defining P. ovata heteroxylan comprising a β-(1,4)-linked-d-xylopyranose backbone, heavily substituted at O-2 and/or O-3 positions with various mono-, di-and oligosaccharide substitutions of α-l-arabinofuranose and β-d-xylopyranose 9,11,12. It is likely that, as with other eudicots, the β-(1,4)-linked-d-xylopyranose backbone is synthesised by several members of

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Anatomy of Terminal Haustoria in the Ovule of Plantain (Plantago major L.) with Taxonomic Comparison to Other Angiosperm Taxa

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The origin and maintenance of nuclear endosperms: viewing development through a phylogenetic lens

The origin and maintenance of nuclear endosperms: viewing development through a phylogenetic lens

Seed formation in two species ofAdesmia(Fabaceae): co-occurrence of micropylar and lateral endosperm haustoria in legumes and its taxonomic value

The novel features of Plantago ovata seed mucilage accumulation, storage and release

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