Anatomy of stems, leaves, roots and the embryo of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. - Clusiaceae

Abstract

Studies concerning the structure of plant embryos are very important in different areas of study such as plant systematics and evolution or the handling of native species. This work aims at evaluating the anatomy of the embryo and vegetative organs of Garcinia brasiliensis in order contribute to taxonomical, ecological, handling studies of this species. Some seeds were stored for anatomical analysis of the embryo and some were germinated to obtain young plants for anatomical analysis of the vegetative organs. Plants were cultivated in growth chamber for 120 d. Seeds and young plants were both fixed in a solution of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and 70% ethanol and usual plant microtechnique methods were employed. Slides were photomicrographed and a quantitative analysis of tissues was performed using UTHSCSA-Imagetool software. Histochemical analysis was performed for the detection of starch, lipids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. The G. brasiliensis embryo has rudimentary cotyledons and the reserves are stored in the hypocotyl-radicle axis. Most of the reserves are starch grains, stored in ground meristem cells, which contain a few oleossomes and alkaloids in the cell walls. The young plant leaves show dorsiventral and hypostomatous properties, including a one-seriated epidermis and a thick cuticle. In the midrib vascular bundle, the phloem is organized around the xylem vessels. The primary stem has a one-seriated epidermis and angular collenchyma. Adventitious roots are polyarch and show a one-seriated epidermis and endodermis. The anatomy of embryos and young plants of G. brasiliensis is similar to that of other Clusiaceae species. RESUMO: Estudos sobre a estrutura do embrião são de enorme importância para diferentes áreas, como a sistemática, a evolução e o manejo de espécies nativas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a anatomia do embrião e de órgãos vegetativos das plântulas de Garcinia brasiliensis. Sementes foram reservadas para realização das análises anatômicas do embrião e outras foram postas para germinar, para obtenção das plantas visando à análise de folhas, caules e raízes. As plantas foram cultivadas em sala de crescimento por 120 dias. Sementes e plantas foram fixadas em uma solucion de formaldeído, ácido acético e etanol a 70% e submetidas a procedimentos usuais de microtécnica vegetal. As lâminas foram fotomicrografadas e a análise quantitativa dos tecidos foi realizada no software UTHSCSA-Imagetool. Análises histoquímicas foram realizadas para detecção de amido, lipídeos, alcalóides e compostos fenólicos. O embrião de G. brasiliensis possui cotilédones pouco desenvolvidos, sendo a reserva das sementes localizada no eixo hipocótilo-radicular. As reservas são compostas principalmente de amido, localizado nas células do meristema fundamental. Há um pequeno número de oleossomos nas células do meristema fundamental e suas paredes celulares contêm alcalóides. A folha das plantas é dorsiventral e hipoestomática, com epiderme unisseriada e cutícula espessa. No feixe vascular da nervura ...

Karyological and anatomical studies on <i>Syngonium podophyllum</i> Schott (Araceae)

“…In a similar study, Cardoso et al (2013) reported starch grains in the ground meristem of Garcina brasiliensis Mart. (Clusiaceae).…”

Optimum conditions for seed propagation of Garcinia brasiliensis: mimicking natural habitats allows better results

“…The anatomy of G. brasiliensis seeds has previously been demonstrated (Cardoso et al, 2013), and here we examine its morphology and ecophysiology. This study provides for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a whole picture of seed storage behavior, germination events, and seedling emergence and growth under several environmental conditions for this species.…”

“…Alike other Garcinia species (Malik et al, 2005;Joshi et al, 2006), anatomical analysis of G. brasiliensis seeds reveal that seeds are comprised of a large hypocotyl-radicle axis surrounded by the seed coat. They also exhibit rudimentary cotyledons (formed by a few cells) and no endosperm is observed in mature seeds (Cardoso et al, 2013). Seed reserves, which are mostly composed of large starch grains, are stored in the large hypocotyl-radicle axis (Cardoso et al, 2013).…”

“…They also exhibit rudimentary cotyledons (formed by a few cells) and no endosperm is observed in mature seeds (Cardoso et al, 2013). Seed reserves, which are mostly composed of large starch grains, are stored in the large hypocotyl-radicle axis (Cardoso et al, 2013). Regarding seed germination, only two studies have examined the seed germination for G. brasiliensis to date and both of them describe it as a slow process likely due to the physical dormancy imposed by the seed coat (Zamith and Scarano, 2004;Oliveira and Nunes, 2013).…”

Struktur Anatomi Daun Sebagai Bukti Dalam Pembatasan Takson Tumbuhan Berbunga: Studi Kasus 12 Suku Tumbuhan Berbunga Indonesia

“…Beberapa jenis yang diamati menunjukkan adanya kristal kalsium oksalat, yaitu G. dioica, H. glabra, dan A. complanata (Hambar 1i-k). Pada bagian mesofil Garcinia dioica ditemukan kristal kalsium oksalat bentuk druse, hal ini sesuai dengan G. morella dan G. spicata (Pathirana & Herat 2004), G. brasiliensis (Cardoso et al 2013), G. indica (Priya & Hari 2018) Keterangan: ea = epidermis atas, eb = epidermis bawah, s = stomata, sbt = sel basal trikoma, h = hipodermis, m = mesofil, pt = parenkim tiang, pbk = parenkim bunga karang, k = kristal kalsium oksalat, dan tanda panah = dinding antiklinal.…”