Anatomy of pollution; rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Flintrop, Claudia; Hohlmann, Beate; Jasper, Torsten; Korte, Christoph; Podlaha, Olaf G.; Scheele, Simone; Veizer, Ján

doi:10.2475/ajs.296.1.58

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In previous studies of urban influences on stream chemistry, the effects of urban land cover often have been confounded by influences of upstream agricultural land use and/or effluent discharges from point sources such as WWTP's or industry (Cameron et al 1995;Ceasar et al, 1976;Douglas et al, 2002;Flintrop et al, 1996;Jarvie et al, 1998;Roy et al, 1999;Wernick et al, 1998;Zhu et al, 2002). Additionally, streams in many of those previous studies drain carbonate bedrock and therefore naturally have high conductivities and pH.…”

Section: Urban Land Cover and Stream Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, agricultural land use around the headwaters of a river can significantly modify stream chemistry upstream of an urban area, as is the case in the Connecticut (Douglas et al, 2002), Great Ouse (Neal et al, 2000), Seine (Roy et al, 1999), upper Rhine (Flintrop et al, 1996), and Pearl (Zhu et al, 2002) Rivers. As a result, the urban signature, sometimes referred to as communal input (Roy et al, 1999), cannot be detected directly in these cases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many causes of these elevated concentrations. For example, industrial and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) point sources add significant amounts of solutes, especially nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, and sodium, to streams (e.g., Andersen, Lewis, & Sargent, 2004;Cameron, Hall, Veizer, & Krouse, 1995;Ceasar et al, 1976;Flintrop et al, 1996;House & Denison, 1997;Jarvie, Whitton, & Neal, 1998;Roy, Gaillardet, & Allegre, 1999). In some urban residential areas, septic tanks and lawn fertilizers may increase phosphate or nitrate concentrations in streams (e.g., La Valle, 1975;Hoare, 1984;Wernick et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, high "background" solute concentrations may mask the contributions of urban sources. Additionally, watersheds near the ocean have increased sea salt deposition, and streams in those regions have high concentrations of sodium, chloride, and other solutes (Ceasar et al, 1976;Douglas et al, 2002;Flintrop et al, 1996). This complexity requires the use of methods such as inverse modeling to identify the urban signature (e.g., Roy et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

Lewis

Mitchell

Andersen

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Naturally high total dissolved solids and upstream agricultural runoff often mask the influence of urban land cover on stream chemistry and biology. We examined the influence of headwater urbanization on the water chemistry, microbiology, and fish communities of the Big Brushy Creek watershed, a 96 km 2 drainage basin in the piedmont of South Carolina, USA. Concentrations of most major anions and cations (especially nitrate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, and calcium) were highest in the urban headwaters and decreased downstream. Generally, the highest concentrations of suspended coliform bacteria occurred in the urban headwaters. In contrast, stream habitat quality and the abundance, species richness, and species diversity of fishes did not differ significantly between urban and rural sites. Discharge of wastewater treatment plant effluent at one rural location caused an increase in concentrations of many solutes and possibly the abundance of benthic algae. We hypothesize that atmospheric dry deposition and domestic animal wastes are important sources of stream solutes and of coliform bacteria, respectively, in the urban headwaters. The lack of significant differences in fish abundance and diversity between urban and rural sites may indicate that urban development in the Big Brushy Creek watershed has not yet degraded habitat conditions greatly for stream fishes. Alternatively, agriculture or other land uses may have degraded stream habitat quality throughout the watershed prior to urbanization.

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Section: Urban Land Cover and Stream Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

Lewis

Mitchell

Andersen

et al. 2007

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…It is also sensitive to riverine processes such as CO 2 escape or exchange with the atmosphere and the balance between primary production and respiration (Mook 1970). Anthropogenic additions of nitrate and phosphate, input from waste organic carbon, and extensive damming alter photosynthetic fixation, organic matter oxidation, and CO 2 exchange with the atmosphere and thus the ␦ 13 C of DIC (␦ 13 C DIC ) (Bühl et al 1991;Flintrop et al 1996). In contrast to the instantaneous and direct samples of DIC, proxies that can monitor the evolution of DIC back through time are necessary so that the changes of riverine DIC chemistry in the past and the effect of common industrial modifications in and along rivers can be assessed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

δ¹³C of fluvial mollusk shells (Rhône River): A proxy for dissolved inorganic carbon?

Aucour

Sheppard

Savoye

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

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The relationship between the ␦ 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and modern mollusk aragonite from rivers was calibrated for the purpose of reconstructing DIC paleochemistry from the shell record. The ␦ 13 C values of aragonitic bivalves (Dreissena polymorpha, Corbicula fluminea), prosobranch gastropods (Bithynia tentaculata, Theodoxus fluviatilis, Viviparus viviparus), and an air-breathing pulmonate gastropod (Limnea auricularia) were analyzed from several locations on the Rhône River (Ϫ13.7‰ to Ϫ6.0‰) and its major tributary, the Saône River (Ϫ11.4‰ to Ϫ10.2‰). The ␦ 13 C DIC varied from Ϫ11.5‰ to Ϫ7.5‰, and the ␦ 13 C of particulate inorganic matter (POM) varied from Ϫ31.7‰ to Ϫ25.4‰. At a given site, the ␦ 13 C of all species except the pulmonate were within 1‰ of each other. Whole-shell ␦ 13 C correlated positively with ␦ 13 C DIC , with a slope close to unity. Bioaragonite-DIC fractionations were 0-1.5‰ for bivalves and 0-2.7‰ for gastropods (excluding the pulmonates). Applying these fractionations, bivalves that live in open water are a reliable proxy, monitoring the average ␦ 13 C DIC value to within its natural ϳ2‰ temporal variation within the growth period. For the suspension feeders (bivalves) using POM as a food source, the ␦ 13 C of whole shells and bulk POM indicated that the incorporation of carbon derived from respiratory sources lay in the range 10-30%. Fine-scale analyses of growth increments of C. fluminea could not be related simply to ␦ 13 C DIC because metabolic and seasonal variations in ␦ 13 C DIC produced similar isotopic fluctuations (Յ2.5‰).Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in rivers, the dominant dissolved riverine carbon reservoir, presents a wide range of ␦ 13 C values from Ϫ28‰ to Ϫ1‰

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Dissolved inorganic carbon sourcing using δ¹³C_DIC from a karst influenced river system

McClanahan

Polk

Groves

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Rivers, representing the primary conduits of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the continents to the oceans, are important components to the global carbon cycle. To better understand the complex carbon cycling dynamics within two nested, mixed lithology watersheds, two sites were studied along the karst influenced upper Green River in south‐central Kentucky, USA. Weekly samples were collected from June 2013 through May 2014 and analyzed for δ13CDIC. The mixing model IsoSource was employed to better understand source partitioning differences over seasonal time spans and across the two nested basins. In both the lithologically mixed upstream basin (53% carbonate rocks, 47% siliciclastic) and carbonate rock dominated downstream basin (96% carbonate rocks in the drainage area between Greensburg and Munfordville, 78% in the total area upstream from Munfordville), DIC was primarily derived from soil respiration. The proportion of DIC from dissolved carbonate minerals derived from the downstream carbonate rock dominated basin was similar to the upstream basin, due to carbonate mineral dissolution having such a consistent effect on the overall DIC content of the river. Seasonally, soil respiration provided the most DIC from fall to winter. Early spring precipitation, combined with limited seasonal photosynthesis, shifted groundwater to be the primary source of DIC, bringing in a flush of carbonate mineral‐rich water during higher flows. This study provides insight into carbon dynamics across multiple lithologies and the important influence of seasonality using carbon isotope sourcing to determine carbonate mineral dissolution variability and aid in understanding its contribution to global carbon flux quantification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Anatomy of pollution; rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

δ¹³C of fluvial mollusk shells (Rhône River): A proxy for dissolved inorganic carbon?

Dissolved inorganic carbon sourcing using δ¹³C_DIC from a karst influenced river system

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Anatomy of pollution; rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

Urban Influences on Stream Chemistry and Biology in the Big Brushy Creek Watershed, South Carolina

δ13C of fluvial mollusk shells (Rhône River): A proxy for dissolved inorganic carbon?

Dissolved inorganic carbon sourcing using δ13CDIC from a karst influenced river system

Contact Info

Product

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δ¹³C of fluvial mollusk shells (Rhône River): A proxy for dissolved inorganic carbon?

Dissolved inorganic carbon sourcing using δ¹³C_DIC from a karst influenced river system