Anatomy of Ciliary Body, Ciliary Processes, Anterior Chamber Angle and Collector Vessels

Giampani, Adriana Silva Borges; Giampani, Jair

doi:10.5772/52780

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The ciliary body forms a ring of muscular tissue around the interior part of the anterior sclera that extends from the posterior side of the iris to the beginning of the retina, where the ciliary margin zone (CMZ) is located (Figure 9) [199,200]. This structure has a triangular shape in its cross-section and it is linked to the lens via the zonules and to the vitreous internally [168,201,202]. The functions of the ciliary body include the production of aqueous humour and the regulation of both the intraocular pressure and the aqueous and blood flows.…”

Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functions of the ciliary body include the production of aqueous humour and the regulation of both the intraocular pressure and the aqueous and blood flows. It also maintains the immune-privileged status of the anterior chamber and mediates the process of lens accommodation [201,[203][204][205][206].…”

Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another structure that forms part of the ciliary body is the ciliary muscle, whose contraction opens the trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's canal. Therefore, the ciliary body is also involved in the regulation of the aqueous humour outflow through the sclera to the extraocular tissues and ultimately to the lymphatic system [200,201,204,[206][207][208][209][210][211].…”

Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ciliary processes are covered by two layers of an epithelium that is formed of secretory cells [201,205,209]. Both the epithelium and the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) have been reported to contain a proliferative cell population that has been identified by some authors as retinal stem cells (RSCs).…”

Section: The Ciliary Body Stem Cell Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment

et al. 2021

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The anterior segment of the eye is a complex set of structures that collectively act to maintain the integrity of the globe and direct light towards the posteriorly located retina. The eye is exposed to numerous physical and environmental insults such as infection, UV radiation, physical or chemical injuries. Loss of transparency to the cornea or lens (cataract) and dysfunctional regulation of intra ocular pressure (glaucoma) are leading causes of worldwide blindness. Whilst traditional therapeutic approaches can improve vision, their effect often fails to control the multiple pathological events that lead to long-term vision loss. Regenerative medicine approaches in the eye have already had success with ocular stem cell therapy and ex vivo production of cornea and conjunctival tissue for transplant recovering patients’ vision. However, advancements are required to increase the efficacy of these as well as develop other ocular cell therapies. One of the most important challenges that determines the success of regenerative approaches is the preservation of the stem cell properties during expansion culture in vitro. To achieve this, the environment must provide the physical, chemical and biological factors that ensure the maintenance of their undifferentiated state, as well as their proliferative capacity. This is likely to be accomplished by replicating the natural stem cell niche in vitro. Due to the complex nature of the cell microenvironment, the creation of such artificial niches requires the use of bioengineering techniques which can replicate the physico-chemical properties and the dynamic cell–extracellular matrix interactions that maintain the stem cell phenotype. This review discusses the progress made in the replication of stem cell niches from the anterior ocular segment by using bioengineering approaches and their therapeutic implications.

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Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ciliary Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ciliary Body Stem Cell Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment

et al. 2021

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“…Ocular physiology sustains a perpetual and indestructible cycle of aqueous humor (AH) production by the ciliary body—the anterior portion of the uveal tract located between the iris and the choroid—and a passage from the posterior into the anterior chamber through the pupil. Drainage occurs at the anterior chamber angle through the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) and Schlemm's canal (SC), intrascleral channels, and episcleral and conjunctival veins . Although the complex pathophysiological aspects have not been completely illuminated, dysregulation of normal AH flow and intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the main axis of glaucomatic disease .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress

Papaefthymiou

Doulberis

Katsinelos

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Nitric oxide (NO), a small molecule generated ubiquitously, targets a plethora of tissues to regulate both physiological and pathophysiological functions. NO overproduction, stimulated by microenvironmental conditions, is the main component that dysregulates the tight balance between its beneficial and damaging roles in ocular homeostasis. Considering the protective functions of NO against glaucoma, its endogenous release facilitates aqueous humor drainage and regulates ocular blood flow, maintaining a normal intraocular pressure. NO overproduction generates free radicals, such as peroxynitrite, which induce a vicious circle of vascular disharmony and dysregulation, transient ischemia, nitrosative stress, neuronal degeneration, and permanent glaucomatic injury. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is considered a burdening factor of glaucoma. NO overproduction and possible systematic dispersion in Hp infection (Hp‐I) could suggest a potential pathophysiological bridge between these conditions. In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of NO in glaucoma with respect to Hp‐I, with the aim to stimulate further studies.

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Overview of the Ophthalmic System

Malavade

2016

Nano-Biomaterials for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

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Anatomy of Ciliary Body, Ciliary Processes, Anterior Chamber Angle and Collector Vessels

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment

Biofabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Niches in the Anterior Ocular Segment

Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress

Overview of the Ophthalmic System

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