Anatomy of a world-class source rock: Distribution and depositional model of Silurian organic-rich shales in Jordan and implications for hydrocarbon potential

Lüning, Sebastian; Shahin, Y. M.; Loydell, David K.; Al-Rabi, H. T.; Masri, Ahmed; Tarawneh, Bassam; Kolonic, Sadat

doi:10.1306/05250505014

Cited by 96 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results are similar to others obtained by different authors (compiled by Lüning and Kolonic, 2003) in formations dated from the Lower Jurassic of Western Europe. These low ratios are consistent with carbonate-dominated systems, but also with the thermal immaturity of the source rocks as suggested by Lüning et al (2005).…”

Section: The Uranium As a Proxy For The Total Organic Carbon Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In this systems, it is possible to obtain a linear relationship between the total organic carbon (TOC) and U (Lüning and Kolonic, 2003). This technique, when associated with the direct analysis of the rocks (biostratigraphy, sedimentology, petrography, geochemistry) can be very helpful, not only to characterize a potential source rock (e.g., Bodin et al, 2011;Lüning et al, 2005;Lüning and Kolonic, 2003;Myers and Wignall, 1987), but also as an important tool for basin analysis, particularly in sequence stratigraphy studies (e.g., Catuneanu, 2006;Collins et al, 2006;Pawellek and Aigner, 2003;Parkinson, 1996), lithostratigraphic characterization (e.g., Raddadi et al, 2005;Martinius et al, 2002;Hadley et al, 2000;Bessa and Hesselbo, 1997) and correlation with subsurface data (e.g., Aigner et al, 1995;Leslie et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcrop gamma-ray spectrometry: Applications to the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian organic-rich facies of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

Correia

Duarte

Pereira

et al. 2013

Journal of Iberian Geology

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This work provides detailed information of outcrop gamma-ray logging from the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian organic-rich units (Água de Madeiros and Vale das Fontes formations) of the Lusitanian Basin, which are recognized as one of the most important potential oil source rocks interval of Portugal. The study included total and spectral gamma-ray measurements in outcrop and laboratory, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content and whole-rock mineralogical characterization by X-ray diffraction, carried out in the two most important outcrop areas of the Western Lusitanian Basin (S. Pedro de Moel and Peniche). The outcrop data was compared with subsurface information.The results show high variability of the gamma radiation (26 to 210 cps) and radioactive elements associated with the lithological, mineralogical and geochemical differences. The TOC data yielded the organic matter enrichment of both formations, where the highest values are observed in the Água de Madeiros Formation (maximum=20.4%). The highest U concentration (11 ppm) is consistent with the highest Total Organic Carbon peak mainly supported by the precipitation of authigenic U (10 ppm). The majority of the analysed samples show an obvious authigenic U enrichment, especially in the Água de Madeiros Formation where it represents the main component of the total U content. A highly significant U/TOC correlation (r up to 0.87) with a low ratio (0.3-0.7 ppm/wt.%TOC) was obtained, confirming that U content can be used as a proxy for organic richness in the studied depositional system. The gamma-ray tool was also useful in the identification of 2 nd order Transgressive-Regressive facies cycles (and maximum flooding surfaces) and in the correlation between outcrop and subsurface data.

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Section: The Uranium As a Proxy For The Total Organic Carbon Contentsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcrop gamma-ray spectrometry: Applications to the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian organic-rich facies of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

Correia

Duarte

Pereira

et al. 2013

Journal of Iberian Geology

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“…It would thus appear that this 'hot' shale is the stratigraphical equivalent of that in the Ghat-3 section, SW Libya studied by Fello et al (2006) and in the BG-14 core in Jordan studied by Lüning et al (2005) and Loydell et al (2009).…”

Section: Previous Work On Libyan Graptolitesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Graptolite biostratigraphy of the E1-NC174 core, Rhuddanian (lower Llandovery, Silurian), Murzuq Basin (Libya)

Loydell¹

2012

Bull. Geosci.

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The graptolite biostratigraphy of the Rhuddanian (lower Llandovery, Silurian) of the E1-NC174 core, Murzuq Basin, Libya is described. The generally low diversity graptolite assemblages include both North African endemic taxa and cosmopolitan species. The lower part of the cored interval, below the ‘hot’ shale, is dominated by Normalograptus tilokensis, a species previously considered to be confined to the Upper Ordovician, but which almost certainly ranges into (or perhaps occurs only in) the lower Silurian. As in the BG-14 core, Jordan, the base of the ‘hot’ shale lies just above the first appearances of Neodiplograptus africanus and Normalograptus rectangularis. The latter species dominates throughout the mid Rhuddanian ‘hot’ shale interval, with the highest strata in the core, of late Rhuddanian age, yielding abundant Neodiplograptus fezzanensis

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“…7), which are predominately anoxic and generally contain high-TOC 'hot shales'. The MamuniyatTanezzuft interval in Jabal Eghei most probably straddles the interval temporally equivalent to the late Hirnantian and rhuddanian 'hot shale' interval in North Africa and Arabia (Armstrong et al 2005;Lüning et al 2005), even accounting for the expected c. 3 Ma diachroneity of the basal surface of the Tanezzuft Formation (e.g. Moreau 2011).…”

Section: Prolonged Glaciation and Delayed Anoxia In The Tanezzuft Formentioning

confidence: 97%

Did lingering ice sheets moderate anoxia in the Early Palaeozoic of Libya?

Heron

Meinhold

Page

et al. 2013

JGS

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Abstract:The Hirnantian glaciation of West Gondwana produced a glacially sculpted topography, which is draped by organic-rich latest Ordovician and early Silurian 'hot shales'. Although these are the most important Early Palaeozoic source rock in North Africa, organic enrichment is distributed unevenly. For example, in Al Kufrah Basin, Libya, 'hot shales' are elusive, but outcrop analysis at the western basin demonstrates why this is the case. The topmost Mamuniyat Formation, of Hirnantian age, comprises glaciogenic sandstones, passing upward into mixed facies of the Tanezzuft Formation, which has a latest Ordovician-early Silurian age. The basal Tanezzuft Formation contains a shelly carbonate (cool-water deposits accumulated under oxygenating conditions) and bioturbated sandstone succession. Above, hummocky cross-bedded and graded sandstone intervals are intercalated with shale and siltstone (storm influx onto a muddy shelf). These are interrupted by several lonestone-bearing intervals (ice-rafted debris), a striated pavement (of subglacial origin), and manganese oxide crusts and concretions. The concretions and bioturbation imply oxygenation of the sea floor during transgression. These putative glacial deposits were deposited following the main phase of the Hirnantian glaciation, at the same stratigraphic level as 'hot shales' elsewhere in northern Gondwana. Lingering ice caps may have produced well-oxygenated marine waters precluding 'hot shale' deposition.

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Anatomy of a world-class source rock: Distribution and depositional model of Silurian organic-rich shales in Jordan and implications for hydrocarbon potential

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

Outcrop gamma-ray spectrometry: Applications to the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian organic-rich facies of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

Outcrop gamma-ray spectrometry: Applications to the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian organic-rich facies of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

Graptolite biostratigraphy of the E1-NC174 core, Rhuddanian (lower Llandovery, Silurian), Murzuq Basin (Libya)

Did lingering ice sheets moderate anoxia in the Early Palaeozoic of Libya?

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