Anatomy of a vesicular—arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis between sugar maple (<i>Acer saccharum</i> Marsh) and <i>Glomus etunicatum</i> Becker &amp; Gerdemann

Yawney, William Jesse; Schultz, Richard C.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00372.x

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…However, Smith (1996, 1997) indicated in reviews that the Paris-type of AM is found in a rather wide range of plant taxa such as Paris, Parnassia, Colchicum (Gallaud 1905), Gentiana (Jacquelinet-Jeanmougin and Gianinazzi-Pearson 1983), Erythronium, Trillium, Asarum (Brundrett and Kendrick 1990b), Acer (Yawney and Schultz 1990), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nicolson (1959),8 Gerdemann(1965),9 Kessler (1966), 10 Steltz (1968),11 Kinden and Brown (1975),12 Gay et al (1982), 13 Jacquelinet-Jeanmougin andGianinazzi-Pearson (1983),14 Frankland and Harrison (1985),15 Kuhn and Weber (1986),16 Brundrett et al (1990),17 Kendrick (1990b), 18 Whitbread et al (1996),19 Yawney and Schultz (1990), 20Widden (1996),21 Imhof and Weber (1997),22 ,23 ,24 Bedini et al (2000),25 Kubota et al (2001), 26 O'Connor (2001 …”

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confidence: 96%

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Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of understory plants in Japanese deciduous broadleaved forests

Yamato¹,

Iwasaki²

2002

Mycorrhiza

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Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in roots of understorey plants were examined in three different Japanese deciduous broadleaved forests. In total, 43 species belonging to 33 genera from 27 families were examined for the morphological types of AM. The number of flowering plant species having Paris-type AM was greater than those having Arum-type AM in each plot. This tendency was more prominent in herbaceous plants than woody plants with nine species having Paris-type associations among ten herbaceous plant species examined. Therefore, it is suggested from the ecological point of view that Paris-type associations could be advantageous for the herbaceous understorey plants growing slowly in these environments. The influence of plant identity on the morphological types of AM was also discussed by arranging the plants examined with the morphological types in a current plant phylogeny scheme. In this study, some new records on the morphological types of AM in some new plant families were obtained including the first report of a typical Arum-type AM in gymnosperms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of understory plants in Japanese deciduous broadleaved forests

Yamato¹,

Iwasaki²

2002

Mycorrhiza

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“…Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) is a common North American tree species associated with AM fungi (Yawney and Schultz 1990;Cooke et al 1993). Bud burst of sugar maple saplings occurs about 3 weeks after leaves of E. americanum have unfolded and started to photosynthesise whilst bud burst of mature sugar maple trees is delayed by 2 weeks (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

14C transfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands

et al. 2002

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We investigated in the field the carbon (C) transfer between sugar maple (Acer saccharum) saplings and the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum via the mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Sugar maple saplings and E. americanum plants were planted together in pots placed in the ground of a maple forest in 1999. Ectomycorrhizal yellow birches (Betula alleghaniensis) were added as control plants. In spring 2000, during leaf expansion of sugar maple saplings, the leaves of E. americanum were labelled with CO. Seven days after labelling, radioactivity was detected in leaves, stem and roots of sugar maples. Specific radioactivity in sugar maples was 13-fold higher than in yellow birches revealing the occurrence of a direct transfer of C between the AM plants. The quantity ofC transferred to sugar maple saplings was negatively correlated with the percentage of C allocated to the storage organ of E. americanum. A second labelling was performed in autumn 2000 on sugar maple leaves during annual growth of E. americanum roots. Radioactivity was detected in 7 of 22 E. americanum root systems and absent in yellow birches. These results suggest that AM fungi connecting different understorey species can act as reciprocal C transfer bridges between plant species in relation with the phenology of the plants involved.

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“…This obvioush-renders the definition of such mycorrhizas rather hazardous in both structural and functional terms if it is assumed that arbuscules are the sole basis of the mutualistic symbiosis. Apparent absence of arbuscules might be a result of seasonal effects or environmental stress (Brundrett & Kendrick, 1990fl;Yawney & Schultz, 1990;Mullen & Schmidt, 1993). The formation of arbuscuJes in Amencan ginseng {Panax quinquefolius) has been shown to depend on the season but also differs greatly among combinations of farms and plant age-classes, apparently reflecting the characteristics of individual seed-beds (Whitbread et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introduction: Arum-hwesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review by Bonfante-Fasolo (1984) gives other references. Detailed work on development oi Paristypes (or near-Por/s-types) includes that by Kinden & Brown (1975, 1976 with Liriodendron, BonfanteFasolo & Fontana (1985) with Ginkgo, Yawney & Schultz (1990) and Cooke. Widden & O'Halloran (1992 with Acer, Weber et al (1995) with plants in the Apocynaceae, and Whitbread, McGonigle & Peterson (1996) with Panax.…”

Section: Introduction: Arum-hwesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural diversity in (vesicular)–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses

1997

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summary This review describes diversity in the structure of (vesicular)‐arbuscutar (VA) mycorrhizas, i.e. endomycorrhizas formed by Glomalean fungi. In particular, we consider the extent in the plant kingdom of the two classes first described by Gallaud (1905). These are: (1) the Arum‐type, defined on the basis of an extensive intercellular phase of hyphai growth in the root cortex and development of terminal arbuscules on intracellular hyphai branches; (2) the Paris‐type, defined by the absence of the intercellular phase and presence of extensive intracellular hyphai coils. Arbuscules are intercalary structures on the coils. However, there have been many reports that in Paris‐types arbuscules are relatively few in numbers, small, or absent altogether. A survey of the literature has revealed that Paris‐types occur more frequently in the plant kingdom than Arum‐types and predominate in ferns, gymnosperms and many wild angiosperms. The cultivated herbs that are the subject of much experimental work are mostly Arum‐types. Although evidence is still limited, there are differences at the family level. In 41 angiosperm families there are records of only Poris‐type VA mycorrhizas and in 30 families records of only Arum‐types. Another 21 families have examples of both classes, or intermediates between them. Accordingly, we consider whether the original division into two classes is still useful. We conclude that it is when considering the physiology of the symbiosis and especially the issue of whether different fungus/host interfaces have specialized roles in transfer of inorganic nutrients and organic carbon between the partners, if there is no such specialization between hyphai coils and arbuscules, then the latter might not be necessary1 for the function of Paris‐types. This would account for reports of the infrequency or absence of arbuscules in this class. The control exerted on structures by the genomes of host and fungus, and possible reasons (anatomical and physiological) for the existence of the VA mycorrhizal structures, are discussed. The presence or absence of extensive intercellular spaces and differences in the wall structure of cortical cells might be particularly important in determining which type of VA mycorrhiza is formed.

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Anatomy of a vesicular—arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis between sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of understory plants in Japanese deciduous broadleaved forests

Morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots of understory plants in Japanese deciduous broadleaved forests

14C transfer between the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum and sugar maple saplings via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in natural stands

Structural diversity in (vesicular)–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses

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