Anatomy and Relationships of Some Devonian Progymnosperms From New York

Scheckler, Stephen E.; Banks, Harlan P.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1971.tb10028.x

Cited by 58 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Aneurophytes existed in the Middle Devonian-Late Devonian (Frasnian) and was characterized by protoxylem strands near the tips and along the midplanes of the primary xylem ribs and in the stelar center, pycnoxylic secondary xylem and radial divergence of branch traces [ 1 , 36 , 37 ]. Furthermore, except for Triloboxylon ashlandicum and Proteokalon petryi [ 38 , 39 ], the aneurophytes lack planation of the lateral axes (alternate or opposite arrangement) and vegetative ultimate appendages (planate leaves); a decussate pattern occurs in Tetraxylopteris with most orders of branches containing a four-ribbed primary vascular system [ 36 ]. Protoxylem strands along the midplanes of the rib of the Aneurophytes and Stenokoleales usually accompany and probably have been derived from a single strand at the stelar center [ 36 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Wang

Liu

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundMany ovules of Late Devonian (Famennian) seed plants have been well studied. However, because few taxa occur with anatomically preserved stems and/or petioles, the vascular system of these earliest spermatophytes is little understood and available data come mostly from Euramerica. There remains great controversy over the anatomical differentiation of Late Devonian and Carboniferous seed plant groups of Buteoxylonales, Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales. Protostele evolution of these early spermatophytes needs more research.ResultsA new taxon Yiduxylon trilobum gen. et sp. nov. with seed plant affinities has been discovered in the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Tizikou Formation of Hubei Province, China. It is represented by stems, helically arranged and bifurcate fronds with two orders of pinnae and planate pinnules. Both secondary pinnae and pinnules are borne alternately. Stems contain a small protostele with three primary xylem ribs possessing a single peripheral protoxylem strand. Thick secondary xylem displays multiseriate bordered pitting on the tangential and radial walls of the tracheids, and has biseriate to multiseriate and high rays. A narrow cortex consists of inner cortex without sclerotic nests and sparganum-type outer cortex with peripheral bands of vertically aligned sclerenchyma cells. Two leaf traces successively arise tangentially from each primary xylem rib and they divide once to produce four circular-oval traces in the stem cortex. Four vascular bundles occur in two C-shaped groups at each petiole base with ground tissue and peripheral bands of sclerenchyma cells.ConclusionsYiduxylon justifies the assignment to a new genus mainly because of the protostele with protoxylem strands only near the periphery of primary xylem ribs, leaf trace origination and petiolar vascular supply structure. It shares many definitive characters with Calamopityales and Lyginopteridales, further underscoring the anatomical similarities among early seed plants. The primary vascular system, pycnoxylic-manoxylic secondary xylem with bordered pits on both tangential and radial walls of a tracheid and leaf trace divergence of Yiduxylon suggest transitional features between the early spermatophytes and ancestral aneurophyte progymnosperms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0292-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Wang

Liu

2015

BMC Evol Biol

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“…In the aneurophytalean progymnosperm Triloboxylon, the phellem cells have thick walls and a relatively extensive phelloderm developed. However, the two types of cells are hardly distinguishable in transverse section (Scheckler & Banks 1971a). In contrast, the periderm of Stanwoodia appears more complex and shows a mixture of typical phellem cells with fibres and parenchyma cells.…”

Section: Morphological Significance Of Stanwoodiamentioning

confidence: 89%

Stanwoodia, a new genus of probable early gymnosperms from the Dinantian of East Kirkton, Scotland

Galtier

Scott

1991

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences

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A new taxon of probable early gymnosperms is described from permineralised specimens showing excellent preservation of the tissues, from the late Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian), Brigantian, deposits of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Stanwoodia gen. nov., represented by the single species S. kirktonensis sp. nov., shows the combination of a primitive protostelic organisation with a dense secondary wood. It closely compares to the enigmatic genus Bilignea which was formerly referred with some reservations to the Cordaitales. Another interest of the new plant concerns the excellent preservation of the phloem with at least three different types of constituent cells including fibres. Stanwoodia also exhibits the oldest well-documented evidence of a sequent periderm or rhytidome in fossil plants.

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“…De®nite climate-induced growth layers, however, are an ancient lignophyte cambium growth response that is well shown by Middle and Late Devonian aneurophyte progymnosperms (e.g. Matten and Banks, 1967;Scheckler and Banks, 1971;Scheckler, 1975;Dannenhoffer and Bonamo, 1989) that grew in an apparent savanna-like paleoclimate with pronounced wet/dry seasons (Scheckler et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyloses and Ecophysiology of the Early Carboniferous Progymnosperm Tree Protopitys buchiana

Scheckler

Galtier²

2003

Annals of Botany

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Trunk woods of Early Carboniferous Protopitys buchiana show the earliest example of tylose formation and the first record for a progymnosperm. Protopitys tyloses are more densely located in inner trunk woods and near growth layer boundaries. We suggest, therefore, that an altered physiological state of living ray cells, during dormancy and/or following water stress, was necessary to make the woods vulnerable to tylose formation. Coupled with the distribution and proximity of abundant wood ray parenchyma to large xylem conducting cells, the positions of conduits filled with tyloses can be interpreted as ecophysiological responses of the plant to changes in local environment. In addition, some xylem conducting cells might have functioned as vessels. Fungal hyphae are present in some tracheary cells and in some areas with tyloses, but there is no evidence for wood trauma; we conclude, therefore, that these particular cases of tyloses are probably not induced by wound trauma. Protopitys buchiana wood thus shows structure/function similarities to modern woods with vessels, such as those of dicot angiosperms. This implies that ancient and modern plant ecophysiological responses correlate well with the physical parameters of their cellular construction.

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Anatomy and Relationships of Some Devonian Progymnosperms From New York

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

A new Late Devonian genus with seed plant affinities

Stanwoodia, a new genus of probable early gymnosperms from the Dinantian of East Kirkton, Scotland

Tyloses and Ecophysiology of the Early Carboniferous Progymnosperm Tree Protopitys buchiana

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