Anatomy and Development of the Thyroid

Felice, Mario De; Lauro, Roberto Di

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00073-1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Most mitochondrial matrixes were not enriched, and the cytoplasm, especially in small cells, was slightly granular and less contrasted, suggesting that SPTL cells were not fully differentiated. These characteristics were in contrast to those found in rat thyroid-derived FRTL-424 and FRTL-5 cells, and rat follicular cells, where many enriched mitochondria and welldeveloped ER were found (25,26). In a previous study, half of the thyroid SP cells were positive for SCA1, a candidate stem-cell marker for various tissues (27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Generation Of a Mouse Thyroid Sp Cell-derived Cell Linecontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The newly established SPTL cell line expresses SCA1 at 100%, while SCA1 expression decreases once the SPTL cells start differentiating, thus suggesting that SCA1 could be used as a marker for thyroid stem/progenitor cells. Electron microscopy revealed that SPTL cells are not fully differentiated compared with rat thyroid-derived FRTL-424 and FRTL-5 cells and rat follicular cells (25,26). It is believed that this cell line is not the result of contaminated fibroblasts that overgrew during passages because (i) an increased expression of Nkx2-1 was not observed when NIH3T3 cells as representative mouse fibroblast cells were cultured in low serum; (ii) no fibers were detected in the electron microscope images, which quite often can be seen if the cells are fibroblast; and (iii) the expression of the thyroid-specific transcription factor NKX2-1 was increased when cells were cultured in low serum (see below).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Murata

Iwadate

Takizawa

et al. 2017

Thyroid

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Background: Studies of thyroid stem/progenitor cells have been hampered due to the small organ size and lack of tissue, which limits the yield of these cells. A continuous source that allows the study and characterization of thyroid stem/progenitor cells is desired to push the field forward. Method: A cell line was established from Hoechst-resistant side population cells derived from mouse thyroid that were previously shown to contain stem/progenitor-like cells. Characterization of these cells were carried out by using in vitro two-and three-dimensional cultures and in vivo reconstitution of mice after orthotopic or intravenous injection, in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohisto(cyto)chemistry/immunofluorescence, and RNA seq analysis. Results: These cells were named SPTL (side population cell-derived thyroid cell line). Under low serum culturing conditions, SPTL cells expressed the thyroid differentiation marker NKX2-1, a transcription factor critical for thyroid differentiation and function, while no expression of other thyroid differentiation marker genes were observed. SPTL cells formed follicle-like structures in Matrigel Ò cultures, which did not express thyroid differentiation marker genes. In mouse models of orthotopic and intravenous injection, the latter following partial thyroidectomy, a few SPTL cells were found in part of the follicles, most of which expressed NKX2-1. SPTL cells highly express genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as demonstrated by RNA seq analysis, and exhibit a gene-expression pattern similar to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SPTL cells have the capacity to differentiate into thyroid to a limited degree. SPTL cells may provide an excellent tool to study stem cells, including cancer stem cells of the thyroid.

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Section: Generation Of a Mouse Thyroid Sp Cell-derived Cell Linecontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Murata

Iwadate

Takizawa

et al. 2017

Thyroid

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“…Формирование срочной и долговременной адаптации организма к различным режимам двигательной активности обеспечивается в том числе и изменением активности щитовидной железы (далее -ЩЖ). Функциональной единицей органа является фолликул [1][2][3], его формирует монослой эпителиальных клеток, которые соединены плотными контактами, окружены внеклеточным матриксом, расположены на базальной пластинке, разделены фиброваскулярной стромой, гемо-и лимфокапиллярами, нервами и наполнены коллоидом [1][2][3][4]. Именно в нем происходят биохимические процессы, связанные с синтезом, секрецией и последующей резорбцией тиреоидных гормонов, производных тиреоглобулина, обеспечивающих адаптацию организма к различным видам воздействий, в том числе к мышечной деятельности [5][6].…”

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“…Однократные нагрузки приводили к увеличению числа малых фолликулов (в контроле -25%, тренирующих нагрузках -47%, стартовых -46%, предельных -58%) за счет уменьшения количества преимущественно больших (в контроле -25%, 19%, 14%, 9%) и в меньшей степени средних фолликулов (в контроле -50%, 34%, 40%, 33%, соответственно). Выявленная динамика свидетельствует об увеличении функциональной активности железы, так как фолликулы меньшего диаметра обеспечивают большую площадь контакта с коллоидом, что создает предпосылки для усиленной резорбции коллоида и продукции тироидных гормонов [1,4]. В связи с чем, можно предположить, что ведущим механизмом формирования пула малых фолликулов является не только увеличение их за счет резорбции коллоида средних, но и при продолжительных многократных тренировках, вероятно, за счет деления больших фолликулов гемокапиллярами [14][15] и/или неофолликулогенеза из интерфолликулярного эпителия [16][17][18].…”

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Histotopographic and Structural Features of Canine Thyroid Gland Follicles Under Single Dynamic Motor Loads

et al. 2022

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The formation of urgent and long-term adaptation of the organism under various modes of motor loads is provided by a change in the activity of the thyroid gland, the functional unit of which is the thyroid follicle. An accurate assessment of the morphological parameters of the follicles of different histotopographic zones of the thyroid gland provides the researcher with objective information about the state of the organ. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of single training, starting and limiting motor loads (treadmill running) on the structural and histotopographic features of the thyroid gland follicles in dogs. On transverse sections of the right lobe of the thyroid gland of dogs, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, the area of the follicles were measured. The measurements were carried out in various histotopographic zones of the gland (central, intermediate, peripheral), distinguished relative to its geometric center. Animals were studied in the control group (16 male dogs) and in the experiment (31 animals), in which, as a result of single motor loads, a different response was formed, manifested in structural and functional changes in the thyroid gland. The studies showed that muscle activity leads to the activation of the functional units of the organ - follicles. The transformation of the thyroid gland as a result of various durations of motor loads is manifested in the obligate involvement of the peripheral zone of the gland, a significant decrease in the area of follicles, an increase in the number of functionally more active follicles of a small area, due to a decrease in the number of predominantly large and medium follicles, and changes in the colloid-epithelial areas ratio. Depending on the parameters of single dynamic motor loads, two ways of primary response of the gland were revealed: either due to a change in the number of follicles of different areas (large, medium, small), or due to a change in their ratio in the histotopographic zones of the organ (central, intermediate, peripheral). Modeling of various parameters of motor loads can be used to analyse its of the influence the structural reorganization of the thyroid gland in the experiment. The constant structural variability of the peripheral zone found in the present study may be associated with special conditions of blood supply from the gland capsule.

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Anatomy and Development of the Thyroid

Cited by 2 publications

References 194 publications

An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Histotopographic and Structural Features of Canine Thyroid Gland Follicles Under Single Dynamic Motor Loads

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