Anatomie, Variationen und Mi\bildungen der GefÄ\e im Kopf- und Halsbereich

Abstract

After a short review of developmental data concerning the head and neck arteries, the normal conditions, variations and malformations of single arteries are described. Special attention is paied to the skeletotopic and topographic relations of the arteries. In every bigger vessel its length, position, origin and branches are described, and in most cases are also demonstrated by diagrams and tables. As the aortic arch may also reach the neck region, its variation and malformations as well as the variations of its branches are mentioned. The variations and the malformations of the inominate artery, of the common carotid artery, as well as of the external and internal carotid arteries are described. The practical importance of these variations is stressed. Upon description of variations and malformations anatomical, surgical und roentgenological findings described in literature, as well as personal experiences are considered. Special attention has been paied to the variations of the circulus arteriosus Willisi, to the persistence of the presegmental arteries and to the possibility of formation of a by-pass in occlusion or aplasia of cerebral arteries. The position of the subclavian artery, its variations and the variations of its branches are described. After a short embryological introduction, the variations of the venous system and its anastomoses are described. At the end, the main variations of the big lymphatic vessels in the neck are mentioned.

Anatomy of the Middle Meningeal Artery

“…7 This feature bring severe surgical implications to the procedures involving intransantral radical maxillectomy, lateral approach of the infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine, manipulations of the medial and anterior parts of the skull base (including the management of oropharynx and nasopharynx lesions), as well as to the dorsocaudal management of the medial skull base. 2,26,27 It has been established that the Krönlein method, the surgical procedure based on the orbit approach through the temporal fossa, mobilizing the malar bone, may constitute the simplest way to localize the main trunk of the MMA, since there is lack of accurate topographic information defining its pathway. 22,27,28 To localize the frontal branch, two imaginary lines should be used: an upper horizontal line, guided by the top edge of the orbit, and an anterior vertical line, which crosses the middle of the zygomatic arch.…”

Zur Gefäßarchitektur der Stimmlippenoberflächen

“…= Taschenfalte rechts. Xe;'• -re in DiskussionDie Blutversorgung des Larynx von kranial aus Asten der A. laryngea superior, die mit der von kaudal aufsteigenden A. laryngea inferior anastomosieren, ist aus der Literatur bekannt(1,6,12). Für die Versorgung der Stimmlippen sind demzufolge nach vorn gerichtete Aste des Ramus descendens der oberen Kehlkopfarterie verantwortlich.…”