Anatomical Variations of Peroneal Muscles

Abstract

Racial differences, cultural variations, and postural habits, along with different stages of evolution, may be factors contributing to different observations. Split lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon were six to seven times more prevalent than was presence of the peroneus quartus muscle, which implies that split or tear lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon are more frequently involved in the manifestation of persistent retromalleolar pain compared with complications arising out of presence of the peroneus quartus muscle. Hence, accurate knowledge of presence of the peroneus quartus muscle in different populations is important because it can also be used in grafting and reconstruction in foot and ankle surgery.

The variations of peroneus digiti quinti muscle and its contribution to the extension of the fifth toe

“… 3 Variationally, there may be various accessory tendons, the incidence of which changes from one population to another, such as peroneus tertius muscle (PT), and peroneus digiti quinti muscle (PDQ), and particularly peroneus quartus muscle (PQ). 4 - 7 Generally, these muscles arise from peroneus brevis but their insertions exhibit variabilities. 8 Peroneus quartus muscle inserts on the calcaneus and adjacent structures, 9 PT inserts on the base of the fifth metatarsal bone 10 and PDQ inserts on the fifth toe.…”

Bilaterally Variant Accessory Fibularis Muscle: Its Phylogenetic, Molecular and Clinical Perspective

“…Later Hecker studied the muscle in detail and reported the existence of accessory muscle in 13% of the cadaveric specimens [7]. According to the existing scientific library text, prevalence of AFM ranges from 2.9 to 21.8% [3][4][5]7,8]. However, a cadaveric study on 70 Indian specimens estimated much lower prevalence in Indian population (4.3%) [3].…”

“…According to the existing scientific library text, prevalence of AFM ranges from 2.9 to 21.8% [3][4][5]7,8]. However, a cadaveric study on 70 Indian specimens estimated much lower prevalence in Indian population (4.3%) [3]. The reported prevalence of bilateral occurrence of accessory fibularis muscle is 0.36% [6].…”

“…This extra slip has been reported to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. It may be an additional source of graft harvest for tendon transfer surgeries and autograft [2][3][4]. Bilgili et al mirrored the drawbacks of having a variant muscle in lateral compartment of leg by reporting statistically significant correlation between existence of accessory muscle and longitudinal degeneration of FB which may result in ankle pain [2].…”