Anatomical variations of papillary muscles in human cadaveric hearts of Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

Background: In both ventricles of the heart papillary muscles play important role for proper cardiac valvular function of heart. The present study was done to analyse the papillary muscles of heart with respect to the variations in their number, length, shape, position and pattern in both ventricles. Materials and Methods: Forty well preserved cadaveric human hearts were used for the study. The variations in the papillary muscles of both right and left ventricles were categorized, documented and photographed. Results: In the right ventricle, authors observed 31.42% anterior, 34.3% posterior and 34.3% septal papillary muscles, and in the left ventricle, 41.7% anterior and 58.3% posterior papillary muscles. Classical papillary muscles were observed in 64.3% heart specimens in right ventricle and 55% in left ventricle. Authors found conical, pyramidal and broad apexed papillary muscles in 44.3%, 51.4% and 4.3% heart specimens respectively in right ventricle, whereas in left ventricle the corresponding values were 33.3%, 30% and 36.7%. Separate bases and fused apex pattern was observed in 24.3%, single base and divided apex in 55.7% heart specimens in right ventricle and in left ventricle in 45% and 43.3% heart specimens respectively. The length of anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscle in right ventricle was 1.27±0.45, 1.36±0.52, 0.92±0.54 cm respectively whereas in left ventricle, the mean length of anterior and posterior papillary muscles was 2.13±0.44 and 1.76±0.46 cm. In right ventricle mean thickness was 1.17±0.31cm whereas in left ventricle it was 2.16±0.32 cm. Conclusion: The papillary muscles has complex and variable anatomy. Knowledge of this variation to the cardiac surgeons during reparative surgical procedures conducted for mitral/ tricuspid valve replacement is of utmost importance to prevent untoward event.

morphometric study of the papillary muscle in the right ventricle of the heart in the Bangladeshi population

“…The mean length of the papillary muscle (both anterior and posterior) in the left ventricle was longer in numerous heart specimens when compared to other heart specimens of the right ventricle. The comparison of the latest research with Manisha's study is generally similar because the current study demonstrated a greater length of the three papillary muscles of the right ventricle (Sinha et al, 2021). Kavitha et al (2018) and Marius et al (2018) measured the anterior 14.89 (4.19) mm, posterior 14.86 (4.05) mm, and septal muscle 10.27 (3.28) mm of the right ventricle.…”

“…3). Sinha et al (2021), discovered that the thickness of the anterior, posterior, and septal papillary of the right ventricle was 1.27±0.45 cm, 1.36±0.52 cm, and 0.92±0.54 cm respectively. The mean length of the papillary muscle (both anterior and posterior) in the left ventricle was longer in numerous heart specimens when compared to other heart specimens of the right ventricle.…”

“…According to one study, the right anterior papillary muscle measured 4.66 mm (1.60), the posterior papillary muscle measured 4.96 mm (1.71), and the septal papillary muscle measured 3.25 mm (1.15) (Kavitha et al, 2018). Manisha et al, (2020), perceived that the thickness of the right ventricle varies from 0.40 to 1.70 cm with a mean thickness of 1.17±0.31 cm (Sinha et al, 2021).…”

“…The anterior papillary muscle is the largest and longest of the right ventricle's three papillary muscles, whereas the septal papillary muscle is the smallest. The two papillary muscles in the left ventricle remain bifid and give support to the cusps of the mitral valve (Sinha et al, 2021), whereas the three papillary are seen in the right ventricle. Papillary muscles are located superolateral from the sternocostal and inferolateral from the diaphragmatic surface, respectively.…”

Cadaveric Study on the Morphology and Morphometry of Heart Papillary Muscles

“…The gradual delamination of the ventricular wall is responsible for the embryological development of heart muscles. Its incomplete delamination might lead to distortion in the external appearance of papillary muscles [ 14 ]. The interior of the heart is specially adapted to maintain the rapid conduction of cardiac impulses [ 15 ].…”