Anatomical variations of knee ligaments in magnetic resonance imaging: pictorial essay

Abstract

Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently a gold standard for comprehensive posttraumatic assessment of the knee joint. Increasing availability of MR systems with stronger magnetic fields and new sequences results in higher resolution of images and thus allows imaging smaller and finer anatomical details, including different anatomical variations. This article focuses on anatomical variations of knee ligaments, which can mimics pathological structures. Well-known and less common ligaments that are sporadically observed and may raise the most doubt will be discussed. Familiarity with those variations of ligaments is indispensable for precise MRI reporting to avoid misinterpretation as meniscal tears, loose bodies or mass lesions especially in cases. This paper is addressed to both radiology and orthopaedics specialists. Illustrations show discussed ligaments in standard planes while, for less known ligaments, we add information on how to adjust planes to properly visualise a particular structure, which will hopefully facilitate finding and differentiating those structures in clinical practice.

Morphological Study of the Transverse Ligament of Knee Joint in Embalmed Cadavers

“…The differentiation of osteochondral fragments, meniscal tears and pseudo-tears from that of the anatomical variants of the meniscus is important (22). The morphological information of normal and variant anatomy of the ligaments of knee joint is essential to prevent the incorrect diagnosis (23). The allograft meniscal transplantation will not retain the attachment of TL (3), however, few surgeons have tried to conserve this ligament (12).…”

The influence of the morphometric parameters of the intercondylar notch on occurrence of meniscofemoral ligaments

“…Intercondylar notch dimensions are considered as a significant predictive risk factor for ACL injury [5]. The meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) connect the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the intercondylar aspect of the medial femoral condyle, or to the posterior cruciate ligament [23]. There are two types of MFLs, depending on their position in relation to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).…”