Anatomical variations in cervical vertebrae in two species of neotropical canids: What is the meaning?

Martins, Felipe Pratalli; Souza, Erick Candiota; Bernardes, Fernanda Coelho Simas; Figueiredo, Marcelo Abidú; Kasper, Carlos Benhur; Souza, Paulo de

doi:10.1111/ahe.12609

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Interestingly, in a study of wild foxes in Brazil, malformations of the ventral lamina on C6 and C7 were found to be similar in shape to those described in [19]. In another study, similar cervical vertebral malformations in a highly inbred wolf population on a remote island were detected and interpreted to be intersegmental transitional vertebrae [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Historic Horse Family Displaying Malformations of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Their Connection to Modern German Warmblood Horses

Zimmermann,

Ros,

Pfarrer

et al. 2023

Animals

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Malformations of the equine cervicothoracic junction affect the C6 and C7 cervical vertebrae, the T1 thoracic vertebra and in variable extent the first and second sternal ribs. To date, the clinical impact of this malformation, its prevalence and mode of inheritance in equine populations are not yet determined. We examined five skeletons for signs of malformation of the cervicothoracic junction, including three skeletons from widely used Thoroughbred stallions affected with the malformation and two skeletons serving as a comparison. The three affected historical horses were the Thoroughbred stallions Der Loewe XX, Birkhahn XX and their common great grandsire Dark Ronald XX. Malformations of C6 and C7 showed a large variation between the three stallions, as Dark Ronald XX, Der Loewe XX and Birkhahn XX were affected uni-laterally at C6 and C7, uni-laterally at C6 and bi-laterally at C6 and C7, respectively, with varying grades. In order to evaluate whether or not these malformations are incidental, we took a random sample of 20 living German Warmblood horses, which are distant descendants of these stallions. This sample consisted of ten controls and ten horses with malformations of C6/C7. Blood proportions of the historical sires in the modern Warmblood horses ranged from 0.10 to 6.25%. The contribution to inbreeding in each individual horse of our selected horse group by those sires was expressed as a percentage of the total inbreeding coefficient and ranged from 0.01 to 17.96%, demonstrating their influence on the modern Warmblood. In the present study, we were able to describe the variability of the malformation of C6/C7 within a horse family including historic and modern horses. Additionally, we detected variations appearing in connection with malformations of the cervicothoracic junction that have not been described in the literature yet. This is the first time that the malformations of C6 and C7 have been described within a familial context, providing hints on inheritance in Thoroughbreds and Warmbloods. It is worthwhile to carry out further studies in a larger setting to gain more comprehensive insights into the inheritance of the malformation and the role of important ancestors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Historic Horse Family Displaying Malformations of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Their Connection to Modern German Warmblood Horses

Zimmermann,

Ros,

Pfarrer

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Kürtül et al 16 evaluated 116 SA in German shepherd dogs; in all cases, the VA was the first branch of SA and entered the transverse foramen of C6. Asymptomatic, uni-or bilaterally altered ventral laminae of C6 and/or an anomaly of C7 were observed on the vertebral body of two wild fox species 17 and thoroughbred horses. 18 The morphological variations of the vascular tree were not focused in these studies.…”

Section: Learning Points/take-home Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomaly of the sixth cervical vertebra accompanied by atypical course of the vertebral artery in a dog

Korim

Kuricová

Lipták

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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The vertebral arteries, as the first branches from the subclavian arteries, normally enter into the transverse foramen of the sixth cervical vertebra in dogs. This case report presents the non‐standard course of the left vertebral artery and unilateral asymmetry of the sixth cervical vertebra in a 14‐year‐old female mixed breed dog. The anomaly was an incidental finding during the preparation of a corrosion cast prepared for educational and scientific purposes. The left sixth cervical vertebra transverse foramen and the ventral lamina were not developed. The left vertebral artery originated normally from the left subclavian artery, but atypically entered into the transverse foramen of the fifth cervical vertebra. On the right side, the anatomical structures of the sixth cervical vertebra and the course of the right vertebral artery were normally developed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such an anomaly described in a dog.

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Anatomical variations in cervical vertebrae in two species of neotropical canids: What is the meaning?

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Historic Horse Family Displaying Malformations of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Their Connection to Modern German Warmblood Horses

Historic Horse Family Displaying Malformations of the Cervicothoracic Junction and Their Connection to Modern German Warmblood Horses

Anomaly of the sixth cervical vertebra accompanied by atypical course of the vertebral artery in a dog

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