Anatomical Variation and Clinical Diagnosis

Smith, Heather F.

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020247

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Anatomical variations do not typically warrant clinical attention 8,9 . Instead, because they may mimic sinister pathologies like malignancy, 10 anatomical variations are more likely to affect patients indirectly by obscuring diagnosis or obstructing management 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiology is increasingly central to daily clinical practice and has made it easier to accurately identify anatomical variations 11 . With approximately 62 million CT scans being obtained each year in the United States, 12 anatomical variations are being detected much more frequently 4,9,13 . Clinicians without an adequate appreciation of anatomical variability could be misled by incidentally detected variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a lack of interest in anatomical variation from an educational perspective and anatomists and physicians share the responsibility for this 18,19 . This is because variant anatomy is frequently encountered in dissection sessions and clinical practice, yet very little effort has been made to address the neglect of anatomical variations in medical education 7,8,9,19,20,21 . Further, modern medical curricula encourage students to focus on ‘high yield’ topics, which are often learnt from abbreviated resources that do not acknowledge the concept of anatomical variability or its clinical associations 21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the inclusion of anatomical variation in medical education

Nzenwa

Iqbal

Bazira

2023

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Surgical errors contribute a significant burden to health systems worldwide. 1 A large proportion of this burden is a result of patient-related complexities, which include "difficult or unusual anatomy" otherwise referred to as anatomical variations. 2 Anatomical variations are deviations from the typical arrangement of anatomical structures. 3 These variations are present within populations, and no two individuals have exactly the same anatomy. 4 Although the cause is still unclear, it is thought that humans are susceptible to a higher degree of anatomical variability more than most species. 5,6 Anatomical variation is likely the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors interfering with the embryological development of anatomical structures. 6,7 However, such disruption is also the cause of pathological congenital abnormalities like structural cardiac defects and organ atresia. It is, therefore, important to distinguish an anatomical variation from other pathologic aberrations, as the former does not result in a demonstrable impairment in normal functioning. 7

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the inclusion of anatomical variation in medical education

Nzenwa

Iqbal

Bazira

2023

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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“…Variations are prevalent throughout the body and may cause or be a factor resulting in a significant medical condition. To carry out a wide range of surgical and other medical procedures and therapeutic modalities, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of natural anatomical variation ( Smith, 2021 ). Primitively, the morphometric variations of anatomies were commonly reported through observational studies that inspect large numbers of cadavers, and medical images ( Alraddadi, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical shape modeling of multi-organ anatomies with shared boundaries

Iyer

Morris²,

Zenger³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: Statistical shape modeling (SSM) is a valuable and powerful tool to generate a detailed representation of complex anatomy that enables quantitative analysis of shapes and their variations. SSM applies mathematics, statistics, and computing to parse the shape into some quantitative representation (such as correspondence points or landmarks) which can be used to study the covariance patterns of the shapes and answer various questions about the anatomical variations across the population. Complex anatomical structures have many diverse parts with varying interactions or intricate architecture. For example, the heart is a four-chambered organ with several shared boundaries between chambers. Subtle shape changes within the shared boundaries of the heart can indicate potential pathologic changes such as right ventricular overload. Early detection and robust quantification could provide insight into ideal treatment techniques and intervention timing. However, existing SSM methods do not explicitly handle shared boundaries which aid in a better understanding of the anatomy of interest. If shared boundaries are not explicitly modeled, it restricts the capability of the shape model to identify the pathological shape changes occurring at the shared boundary. Hence, this paper presents a general and flexible data-driven approach for building statistical shape models of multi-organ anatomies with shared boundaries that explicitly model contact surfaces.Methods: This work focuses on particle-based shape modeling (PSM), a state-of-art SSM approach for building shape models by optimizing the position of correspondence particles. The proposed PSM strategy for handling shared boundaries entails (a) detecting and extracting the shared boundary surface and contour (outline of the surface mesh/isoline) of the meshes of the two organs, (b) followed by a formulation for a correspondence-based optimization algorithm to build a multi-organ anatomy statistical shape model that captures morphological and alignment changes of individual organs and their shared boundary surfaces throughout the population.Results: We demonstrate the shared boundary pipeline using a toy dataset of parameterized shapes and a clinical dataset of the biventricular heart models. The shared boundary model for the cardiac biventricular data achieves consistent parameterization of the shared surface (interventricular septum) and identifies the curvature of the interventricular septum as pathological shape differences.

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“…Так, протяжність місця початку переднього великогомілкового м'яза може варіювати, не виключається варіант подвоєння м'яза та збільшення кількості його сухожилків, що прикріплюються до ІІ, ІІІ, IV плеснових кісток відповідно [5]. Довгий м'язрозгинач пальців може мати додаткові пучки та/або голівки [6]. Довгий м'яз-розгинач великого пальця зазвичай самостійний м'яз, однак трапляється його зрощення з довгим м'язом-розгиначем пальців, не виключені варіанти роздвоєння цілого м'яза або його сухожилка [7][8].…”

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Variant anatomy of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg in human fetuses at 4-6 months

Komar¹

2021

Buk. Med. Herald

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The objective is to find out the variant anatomy of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg in human fetuses at 4-6 months.Material and methods. The study was performed on 28 preparations of human fetuses of 81.0-230.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL) using macro-microscopic preparation, morphometry and statistical analysis.Results. The study of the structure and topography of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg in 26 human fetuses at 4-6 months revealed the classic sites of origin and attachment, the typical shape, and the number of muscles. Rare variants of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg have been found in two fetuses.Conclusions. The individual characteristics of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg in human fetuses are variations in their structure, shape, number, place of origin, and attachment. In most of the fetuses studied, the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg had a classical origin, but the length and area of attachment varied with a tendency to lengthen and expand. The fetus of 105.0 mm PCL lateral and medial heads of the tibialis anterior muscle were detected, and an additional lower head of the long extensor muscle of the fingers was observed in the fetus of 175.0 mm PCL.

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Anatomical Variation and Clinical Diagnosis

Abstract: In the anatomical sciences, it has long been recognized that the human body displays a range of morphological patterns and arrangements, often termed “anatomical variation” [...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Exploring the inclusion of anatomical variation in medical education

Exploring the inclusion of anatomical variation in medical education

Statistical shape modeling of multi-organ anatomies with shared boundaries

Variant anatomy of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg in human fetuses at 4-6 months

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