Anatomical types of leaves and assimilating shoots and carbon 13C/12C isotope fractionation in Chinese representatives of Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae)

Structural and physiological analyses in Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae) indicate multiple transitions among C3, intermediate, and C4 photosynthesis

“…The cells of the outer M1 layer are much shorter and appear more like the hypodermal cells (if present) in C 4 Salsoloideae species. A similar trend can be seen in leaf cross-sections of S. laricifolia (Wen and Zhang, 2011). Also, S. drobovii which has C 3 carbon isotope composition, represents another structural variant with a complete elimination of the outer M layer; it has only two layers of chlorenchyma characteristic of species with C 4 photosynthesis, M and KC (or KLC in this case; NKK and EVV, unpublished data).…”

“…A similar arrangement of KLCs containing a visible layer of cytoplasm with organelles can also be seen in S. laricifolia (see fig. 13 in Wen and Zhang, 2011) and S. drobovii (EVV and NKK, unpublished), suggestive that they may functionally be a C 3 –C 4 intermediate. In the other Salsola species in the current study ( S. genistoides , S. masenderanica , and S. webbii ), the BS cells adjacent to the small peripheral veins are represented by non-specialized parenchyma cells.…”

“…Similarly, a clade of S. montana and S. masenderanica is shown grouping with S. arbusculiformis (C 3 –C 4 intermediate) and S. laricifolia , along with C 4 species of Noaea and S. rosacea . Salsola laricifolia , has a C 3 -type isotope value (Table 5); Wen and Zhang (2011) suggested that this may be a C 3 –C 4 intermediate based on it having a well-developed layer of KLCs. The C 3 –C 4 species S. divaricata continues to be a lineage isolated from any of the other C 3 or C 3 –C 4 intermediate species; however, better resolution and support will be necessary to clarify this.…”

“…Analysis of the carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) of plant biomass showed that S. webbii has C 3 -type values (Akhani et al, 1997; Winter, 1981). To date, several species in the genus Salsola have been identified as having this C 3 -like leaf anatomy and/or C 3 -type δ 13 C: namely, S. abrotanoides (Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. botschantzevii (Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. divaricata (Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. genistoides (Voznesenskaya, 1976; Akhani et al, 1997; Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. drobovii (Butnik, 1984; Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. laricifolia (Wen and Zhang, 2011), S. masenderanica (Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), S. montana (Akhani et al, 1997; Akhani and Ghasemkhani, 2007), S. oreophila (Pyankov et al, 1997), S. pachyphylla (Butnik, 1984), S. tianshanica (Pyankov et al, 2001 b ), and S. webbii (Carolin et al, 1975; Winter, 1981; Akhani et al, 1997; Pyankov et al, 2001 b ). Salsola arbusculiformis has C 3 -type carbon isotope composition (Akhani et al, 1997; Akhani and Ghasemkhani, 2007) and intermediate anatomy with Kranz-like BS cells around the veins (Pyankov et al, 1997; Voznesenskaya et al, 2001).…”

The first record of Salsola paulsenii (Chenopodiaceae) in Ukraine, with taxonomic and nomenclatural comments on related taxa

“…These taxonomic and nomenclatural changes resulted from molecular phylogenetic studies (Pyankov et al, 2001a, b;Kadereit et al, 2003;Kapralov et al, 2006;Akhani et al, 2007;Wen et al, 2010 etc. ) and partly also morphological and anatomical evidence (Wen, Zhang, 2011;Voznesenskaya et al, 2013;Sukhorukov, 2014 etc.). Recent controversy regarding the proper application of the name Salsola and typification of that generic name (Akhani et al, 2007(Akhani et al, , 2014; Mosyakin et al, 2014 resulted in a temporary but widespread application of the generic name Kali Mill.…”