Anatomical study of the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves in Sapajus apella (Primates: Cebidae)

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the gross anatomy of the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and compare with humans and other primate species. Eight specimens, prepared in 10% formalin solution and dissected following routine standard techniques, were used. The animals presented 13–14 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves emerging from the intervertebral foramen and divided into dorsal and ventral rami. The ventral rami of the first 12 or 13 pairs represented intercostal nerves and the latter referred to the subcostal nerve. The intercostal and subcostal nerves gave off muscular and cutaneous branches (lateral and ventral), which promote innervation of muscles and skin associated with the chest and abdominal wall. Atypical anatomy was verified for the 1st, 2nd and 7th to 13th intercostal nerves as well as for the subcostal nerve. The morphological characteristics were similar to those observed in humans and some non‐human primates, especially in the absence of collateral branches.

Gross anatomical description of the extrinsic and intrinsic scapular and brachial muscles of Sapajus apella (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…There is only a study about the intrinsic scapular muscles, 3 but the other muscles were not described. Other anatomical studies related to the nervous, 9,10,11,12,13,14 genital, 4 and respiratory systems 7 have been performed.…”