Anatomical Study of Nasal Septal Cartilage in Eastern Chinese

Abstract

Background: Asians tend to have foreshortened noses with more increased nostril show. In recent years, the nasal septal cartilage has been widely used in caudal septal advancement and nasal tip projection in East Asian. However, a relatively small quantity of less firm nasal cartilage was observed in East Asians compared with Caucasians and very few articles have been found dealing with septal cartilage anatomy of Chinese. Objective: The length, height, area, and thickness of nasal septal cartilage in 10 eastern Chinese were studied to provide anatomic data for the septorhinoplasty or harvesting of cartilage graft. Methods: The septal cartilages in 10 adult cadavers were anatomized and measured for their length, height, area, and thickness. Results: The average length and height of septal cartilage were respectively 2.83±0.47 cm and 2.41±0.39 cm. The average area was 4.94±1.26 cm^2. The average thickness is 0.97±0.15 mm, with the greatest thickness in region b 1.14±0.26 mm, the least thickness in region e (0.83±0.22) mm and region a (0.81±0.27) mm. Conclusion: The findings of this study reinforce the principle of key differences existing in the anatomic data of the septal cartilage between Asians and Caucasians.

Using nasal septal cartilage-bone complex for anterior septal reconstruction in Asians

“…In a Korean nasal septal cartilage anatomical study, the average height and length were 29.9±4.7 and 33.1±5.3 mm, respectively [4]. In a similar study involving Chinese cadavers, the average height and length were 20.41±3.0 and 20.83±4.7 mm, respectively [5]. In a study involving Thai cadavers, the mean height and length were 30.96±5.90 and 26.13±6.90 mm, respectively [6].…”

Crushed Septal Cartilage-Covered Diced Cartilage Glue (CCDG) Graft: A Hybrid Technique of Crushed Septal Cartilage

“…The surface of meticulously crushed septal cartilage is very smooth; therefore, it could be particularly effective for patients with thin skin. In Caucasians with a large septal cartilage and thin nasal skin, using crushed septal cartilage as a dorsal implant cover will have many advantages [29,36]. Even if unexpected resorption occurs in the diced cartilage glue graft, irregularity can be masked if continuity and hardness of septal cartilage cover are maintained.…”

“…Conversely, there are also disadvantages of crushed septal cartilage-covered diced cartilage glue grafts. Because Asians have a small septum, it is hard to obtain large amounts of septal cartilage [29,36]. When septal cartilage is used as a cover of dorsal implants, it is hardly used as graft material of other site.…”

“…However, except for the depletion of the septal cartilage due to secondary surgery or trauma, no patient in our study lacked septal cartilage to cover the entire dorsal implant. In addition, a considerable crushed septal cartilage can be obtained by exploiting the characteristic that the cartilage of the septal tail of the posteroinferior osteocartilaginous junction expands wider when crushed than the medial smooth surface of the septal cartilage [19,29,36].…”

Incontinência urinária de esforço na mulher: aspectos etiopatogênicos, métodos diagnósticos e manejo cirúrgico com técnicas de sling

“…Entre eles, os mais utilizados são oxibutinina, solifenacina, tolterodina, darifenacina, cloreto de tróspio e fesoterodina. Outra opção são agonistas beta-adrenérgicos que agem na via dos receptores beta-3, como o mirabegron, capaz de provocar o relaxamento do músculo detrusor e aumentar a capacidade vesical (BALK et al, 2019;HU JS;PIERRE EF, 2019;O'CONNOR et al, 2021) 8.3 TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO Usualmente, o tratamento cirúrgico é a última escolha, sendo realizado caso o tratamento conservador tenha sido falho. Contudo, sabe-se que a IU impacta negativamente na qualidade de vida do paciente, principalmente, do público feminino, no qual há uma maior prevalência (HARVIE et al, 2021).…”