Anatomical relationship between specialized astrocytes and leptin‐sensitive neurones

Young, John K.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00068.x

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The decrease in BDNF levels induced by the leptin antagonist (also see below) in a critical neurodevelopmental stage might also contribute to a decrease in cell number. Astrocytes have a specific anatomical relationship with leptin‐sensitive neurones and leptin deficient ob/ob mice have fewer neurones and, consequently, fewer glial cells and less synaptic proteins . Although the number of neurones was not specifically evaluated in the present study, we did find that the leptin antagonist induced a reduction in the number of DAPI positive nuclei in the pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas and in the granular cell layer of the DG in both sexes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Neonatal Treatment with a Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Induces Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Neurones and Glial Cells, and on Markers of Synaptic Plasticity in the Developing Rat Hippocampal Formation

López‐Gallardo

Antón-Fernández

Llorente

et al. 2015

J Neuroendocrinology

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The present study aimed to better understand the role of the neonatal leptin surge, which peaks on postnatal day (PND)9-10, on the development of the hippocampal formation. Accordingly, male and female rats were administered with a pegylated leptin antagonist on PND9 and the expression of neurones, glial cells and diverse markers of synaptic plasticity was then analysed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampal formation. Antagonism of the actions of leptin at this specific postnatal stage altered the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells, and also affected type 1 cannabinoid receptors, synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with the latter effect being sexually dimorphic. The results indicate that the physiological leptin surge occurring around PND 9-10 is critical for hippocampal formation development and that the dynamics of leptin activity might be different in males and females. The data obtained also suggest that some but not all the previously reported effects of maternal deprivation on hippocampal formation development (which markedly reduces leptin levels at PND 9-10) might be mediated by leptin deficiency in these animals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Neonatal Treatment with a Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Induces Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Neurones and Glial Cells, and on Markers of Synaptic Plasticity in the Developing Rat Hippocampal Formation

López‐Gallardo

Antón-Fernández

Llorente

et al. 2015

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Their abundance in association with brain fatty acid binding protein suggests their unique functions in lipid metabolism (Young et al. 1996; Young 2002). In the arcuate nucleus and adjacent median eminence, astrocytes can selectively take up the retrograde tracer hydroxystilbamidine (FluoroGold equivalent) 2–6 h after peripheral delivery (Cheunsuang and Morris 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of astrocytic leptin receptor subtypes on leptin permeation across hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells

Hsuchou

Kastin

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Astrocytic leptin receptors (ObR) can be up-regulated in conditions such as adult-onset obesity. To determine whether the levels and subtypes of astrocytic ObR modulate leptin transport, we co-cultured hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells and C6 astrocytoma cells in the Transwell system, and tested leptin permeation from apical to basolateral chambers. In comparison with hCMEC alone, co-culture of C6 cells reduced the permeability of paracellular markers and leptin. Unexpectedly, ObRb over-expression in C6 cells increased leptin permeation whereas ObRa over-expression showed no effect when compared with the control group of pcDNAtransfected C6 cells. By contrast, the paracellular permeability to the sodium fluorescein control was unchanged by overexpression of ObR subtypes. Leptin remained intact after crossing the monolayer as shown by HPLC and acid precipitation, and this was not affected by C6 cell co-culture or the over-expression of different ObR subtypes. Thus, increased expression of ObRb (and to a lesser extent ObRe) in C6 cells specifically increased the permeation of leptin across the hCMEC monolayer. Consistent with the evidence that the most apparent regulatory changes of ObR during obesity and inflammation occur in astrocytes, the results indicate that astrocytes actively regulate leptin transport across the bloodbrain barrier, a mechanism independent of reduction of paracellular permeability.

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“…Another possible explanation for the difference between our results and those of Boneva et al is that FABP7 expression may persist in newly born neurons for a longer time in the macaque than in the rat. One thing that seems certain is that FABP7 immunoreactivity in newly born neurons must be a relatively transient phenomenon in rats, since our previous inspection of FABP7 immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus, where newly born and immature neurons are scarce, showed no instances of FABP7 immunoreactivity in mature neurons (Young, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocyte fatty acid binding protein-7 is a marker for neurogenic niches in the rat hippocampus

2013

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Recent research has determined that newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the macaque are frequently adjacent to astrocytes immunoreactive for fatty acid binding protein-7 (FABP7). To investigate if a similar relationship between FABP7-positive (FABP7+) astrocytes and proliferating cells exists in the rodent brain, sections of brains from juvenile rats were stained by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate newborn cells (antibody to Ki67 protein) and FABP7+ astrocytes. In rat brains, FABP7+ astrocytes were particularly abundant in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and were frequently close to dividing cells immunoreactive for Ki67 protein. FABP7+ astrocytes were also present in the olfactory bulbs, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and in the dorsal medulla subjacent to the area postrema, sites where more modest numbers of newborn neurons can also be found. These data suggest that regional accumulations of FABP7+ astrocytes may represent reservoirs of cells having the potential for neurogenesis. Since FABP7+ astrocytes are particularly abundant in the hippocampus, and since the gene for FABP7 has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, age-related changes in FABP7+ astrocytes (mitochondrial degeneration) may be relevant to age-associated disorders of the hippocampus.

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Anatomical relationship between specialized astrocytes and leptin‐sensitive neurones

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Neonatal Treatment with a Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Induces Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Neurones and Glial Cells, and on Markers of Synaptic Plasticity in the Developing Rat Hippocampal Formation

Neonatal Treatment with a Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Induces Sexually Dimorphic Effects on Neurones and Glial Cells, and on Markers of Synaptic Plasticity in the Developing Rat Hippocampal Formation

Role of astrocytic leptin receptor subtypes on leptin permeation across hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells

Astrocyte fatty acid binding protein-7 is a marker for neurogenic niches in the rat hippocampus

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