Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Targeting the Platysma Muscle for Treating Platysmal Band and Jawline Lifting: A Review

Abstract

The platysma muscle is a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and lower part of the face. The platysma muscle is the primary target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy aimed at treating platysmal band and lower facial lifting. In the procedure of botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy, a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the platysma muscle and the properties of botulinum neurotoxin can lead to side effects such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and weakness of the neck muscles. Anatomically safe injection sites have been proposed for the platysma muscle, and the appropriate injection technique has been reviewed. We proposed optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical features of the mandible. The aim of these proposal was to standardize the procedure for the effective use of botulinum neurotoxin injections by minimizing the dose unit and injection points and thereby preventing adverse events.

The Efficacy of Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided BoNT-A External Sphincter Injection in Female Patients with Underactive Bladder

“…The authors concluded that a total of 40 units of BoNT-A should be injected at 20 points on both sides of the platysma band. For a jawline injection, they suggested a total of 40 units for 20 points with a subdermal injection [ 26 ]. Doan et al published a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and optimal dose of BoNT-A in the post-stroke lower extremity spasticity (PLES).…”

Anatomical proposal for hyaluronic acid filler injection in subzygomatic arch depression: A dual‐plane injection technique

“…Facial aging is characterized by wrinkles, sagging skin, and a decrease in the amount of fat and elasticity in the face, particularly in the cheeks and surrounding tissue, which usually results in subzygomatic arch depression (Rewari et al, 2020). Wrinkles can be treated using botulinum neurotoxin injections, however, volume loss caused by the aging process is primarily treated with dermal filler injections (Yi et al, 2021; Yi, Lee, Hu, & Kim, 2022a, 2022b; Yi, Lee, Kim, Yoon, et al, 2022; Yi, Lee, Lee, Hu, et al, 2022). Subzygomatic arch depression may result in an appearance of premature aging and fatigue resulting from zygomatic arch and zygoma protrusion.…”

Lateral facial thread lifting procedure with temporal anchoring in deep temporal fascia: Anatomical perspectives of superficial temporal artery

“…1 Non-invasive cosmetic procedures, such as thread lifting, dermal fillers and botulinum neurotoxin injections, have been proven to effectively address these issues. [2][3][4][5][6] Thread lifting, in particular, utilizes threads composed of materials such as polydioxanone (PDO), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and etc. to lift and tighten sagging skin on the face.…”