Anatomical patterns of cleft lip and palate deformities among neonates in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; implication of environmental impact

Abstract

Background Cleft lip and palate deformities are considered one of the most common birth defects of the head and neck that pose significant medical, psychosocial and financial burdens on the affected individuals and families, especially in low income communities. The etiology and pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate is complex and is known to involve genetic and/or environmental factors. Objective To assess the patterns of anatomical cleft lip and palate deformities among neonates in Mekelle and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized hospitals, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from May 2017 to June 2017 at Mekelle and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized hospitals, both in Mekelle city. Data was collected from all medical charts of neonates registered from 2011 to 2016 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 and OpenEpi software. Results were presented using tables and graphs; Chi-square test was used to look for an association between variables, odds ratio to determine the strength of association of selected variables using multinomial logistic regression model, while Fisher Exact (Clopper-Pearson) was used to compare yearly prevalence. Results Of 37,152 neonatal charts analyzed, 119 (0.32%) cases were identified as having cleft deformities. 38.7, 17.6, and 43.7% of this figure had cleft lips, cleft palates and both cleft lip and palate respectively. 46 (38.7%) neonates had lateral patterns of cleft lip deformities with 56.5% located unilaterally on the right and 43.5% unilaterally on the left. Of 52 (43.7%) neonates with cleft lip and palate deformities, 40.4% were located bilaterally while 38.5 and 21.2% were located unilaterally on the left and right, respectively. Associated malformations were: cardiac (3.4%), central nervous system (1.7%) and limb deformities (5.9%). The overall prevalence of cleft deformities was found to be 3.11 per 1000 live births. Conclusion The study showed a higher prevalence of cleft deformities than that reported in Addis Ababa and some other African countries. A higher occurrence of left unilateral pattern of cleft lip and palate was observed whereas a higher right unilateral pattern of cleft lip was identified. The higher prevalence of cleft lip and palate recorded in this region of Ethiopia may reflect an environmental impact.

Referral pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgery cases in Sudan: A retrospective age-and sex-specific analysis of 3,478 patients over four years

“…The pattern of cleft lip (CL; 46.4%), CLP (28.2%) and CP (25.4%) identified in the present study differs when compared to reports from Ethiopia, Hawaii, and Nigeria, where CLP occurred more frequently [ 32 , 34 , 35 ]. All reports indicate that CP occurs least often.…”

Ensino, pesquisa e contribuições científicas em odontologia

“…A maioria dos estudos evidencia maior prevalência para o sexo masculino (BEKELE;EKANEM;MEBERATE, 2019;COUTINHO et al, 2009;ESHETE et al, 2017; aaaaaaaaaaaa IMPELLIZZERI et al, 2019;MENEZES et al, 2010;NEVES et al, 2016;PONS-BONALS et al, 2017;PRABAKARAN;THILAGAM;REDDY, 2019;ROLLEMBERG et al, 2019). Tolarova e Cervenka (1998) estimaram que 60% a 80% dos pacientes com FL/P eram homens na amostra por eles avaliada na Califórnia, Estados Unidos.…”

“…Quanto à lateralidade das fissuras, a literatura apresenta uma maior prevalência de casos de fissuras unilaterais (BEKELE;EKANEM;MEBERATE, 2019;BUNDUKI et al, 2001;COUTINHO et al;HLONGWA;LEVIN;RISPEL, 2019;MAIA et al, 2019;MONLLEÓ et al, 2015;PONS-BONALS et al, 2017), o que foi confirmado nesta pesquisa.…”

“…Aproximadamente 70% das FL/P são consideradas não sindrômicas ou isoladas, cujos indivíduos afetados não apresentam qualquer outra anomalia estrutural associada, enquanto as 30% restantes são atribuídas a fissuras sindrômicas (NOPOULOS et al, MURRAY, 2002). No Brasil, estima-se que a incidência de FL/P não sindrômicas seja de 0,99 casos para cada 1000 nascidos (PANAMONTA et al, 2015), sendo observado que os indivíduos de descendência asiática ou de índios americanos apresentam maior incidência dessa alteração, enquanto nos africanos isso se reduz (BEKELE;EKANEM;MEBERATE, 2019;DIXON et al, 2011;NATSUME et al, 1987).…”

“…De acordo comAbulezz (2017) as FL/P influenciam negativamente as atividades normais da vida de um bebê, como sucção e fala Bekele et al (2019). também relatam outros problemas relacionados, como deficiências auditivas, problemas dentários, crescimento maxilofacial deficiente, o que gera uma série de desafios com impactos na qualidade de vida dos acometidos, conforme também destacado por Guillén et al(2020).…”