Anatomical observation and characterization on basic properties of Agarwood (Gaharu) as an Appendix II CITES

Dwianto, Wahyu; Kusumah, Sukma Surya; Darmawan, Teguh; Amin, Yusup; Bahanawan, Adik; Pramasari, Dwi Ajias; Lestari, Ema; Himmi, S. Khoirul; Hermiati, Euis; Fatriasari, Widya; Laksana, Raden Permana Budi; Damayanti, Ratih

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/374/1/012062

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The tree roots have the highest value of fiber diameter in both sites, which affects the efficiency of G. versteegii in transporting water (Longui et al 2018). Furthermore, the fiber diameter in this study was similar to G. versteegii in Lombok, with an average fiber diameter of 27.6 ± 1.3 μm (Mandang and Wiyono 2002) and higher than the same species in Nusa Tenggara Timur with a value 35.87 μm (Dwianto 2019). Based on statistical analysis, none of the factors significantly influences the fiber diameter.…”

Section: Wood Fiberssupporting

confidence: 53%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Adimahavira A, Lukmandaru G, Pujiharti R, Prastiwi FW, Nugroho WD. 2023. The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites. Biodiversitas 24: 4590-4598. Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is an agarwood (Gaharu)-producing species with a unique color and very expensive fragrance. Even so, studies on the effects of growing sites on the wood anatomical structure of several parts of G. versteegii have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the anatomical structure of G. versteegii on the tree's root, stem, and branch at two different growing sites. Three five-year-old G. versteegii trees from Pacitan and Klaten Districts (Indonesia) were used for the experiment and were harvested from the root, stem, and branch. The wood samples were then put in a glutaraldehyde solution for 24 hours and later in an alcohol solution. The samples were sliced in microtome (15-20 µm) and observed in the transverse, tangential, and radial sections. The results showed that the anatomical characteristics, such as vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, interxylary phloem proportion, and frequency differed significantly between growing sites. Furthermore, fiber length, vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, and interxylary phloem proportion significantly differed among plant parts. In addition, the branch part has the highest interxylary phloem value, indicating the possibility of a high agarwood resin deposit when agarwood stimulation is applied.

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Section: Wood Fiberssupporting

confidence: 53%

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

ADIMAHAVIRA,

LUKMANDARU,

PUJIARTI

et al. 2023

Biodiversitas

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“…(2019) on Gyrinops versteegii (an agarwood-producing species), where the non-injured wood (0.94 mm) showed longer fiber than the injured wood (0.86 mm) but with almost similar fiber diameter and cell wall thickness. This indicates that the infection in the wood might reduce the rate of cell length development (Dwianto et al 2019).…”

Section: Fiber Morphology Of a Cumingiana Woodmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fiber Morphology and Extractive Content of Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Ridl. Wood from Davao Oriental, Philippines

Villareal¹,

Abasolo²,

Mendoza³

et al. 2022

Philipp J Sci

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The fiber morphology and extractive content of Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Ridl. wood collected in Davao Oriental, Philippines were determined to gather pioneering information about the properties of A. cumingiana for better characterization and classification. Wood samples were classified according to color with the aid of a Nix Mini 1 Color Sensor and labeled as A, B, C, and D. The result of the study showed an increasing trend of color lightness percentage from samples A (32.74%) to D (74.96%). Morphologically, both samples C and D (1.03 mm) showed the longest fiber, sample A showed the largest fiber (35.41 μm) and lumen diameter (27.77 μm), and sample C showed the thickest cell wall (4.71 μm). On the other hand, the highest Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, and flexibility ratio were shown in samples B (0.49), C (33.00), and A (78.13), respectively. The amount of extractives obtained in the study decreases from samples A to D regardless of the solvents used. Statistically, the color lightness, morphological properties, and extractive content were significant across sample classifications. Among solvents used, the extractive content showed a significant result. The color lightness and extractive content showed a negative relationship, which signifies that the color lightness may be used to evaluate the amount and quality of extractives in A. cumingiana wood. Based on the morphological properties, A. cumingiana fibers are found favorable in pulp and paper production. The classification and characterization of A. cumingiana wood properties along the infected portions of a tree and chemical profiling of the extracts would be relevant information to consider.

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“…Gaharu bouya oil, which is commonly known as agarwood bouya; gaharu buaya or crocodile agarwood; and aetoxylon oil, is an essential oil distilled from ramin wood ( Gonystylus bancanus ) or zebra wood ( Aetoxylon sympetalum ) 1 . This essential oil has attracted much interest in the essential oil industry and become one main valuable exported products from Indonesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical profiles and cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil from Borneo’s Gonystylus bancanus wood

Oktavianawati,

Santoso,

Fatmawati

2024

Sci Rep

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Gaharu bouya oil obtained from distillation of the woods from Gonystylus genus has attracted essential oil industry interest. However, the information about gaharu bouya essential oil profile is limited. The presence of Gonystylus species is also critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, exploring the -omics profiles of Gonystylus bancanus, a native plant from Borneo Island, is important for Indonesia to conserve the population. This research investigated the metabolite profiling of G. bancanus oil, especially the volatile components of its essential oils. Distillations were performed in two technical ways: hydrodistillation on a laboratory scale and steam distillation on an industrial scale. According to LC–MS and GC–MS profiles, both essential oils displayed similar chemical compositions. This article also discusses the similarity of the chemical contents of gaharu bouya oil and agarwood oil from the gaharu superior type (Aquilaria) to support the value of the oil. This research also investigated the cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil against three cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7, and HT-29.

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Anatomical observation and characterization on basic properties of Agarwood (Gaharu) as an Appendix II CITES

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites

Fiber Morphology and Extractive Content of Aquilaria cumingiana (Decne.) Ridl. Wood from Davao Oriental, Philippines

The chemical profiles and cytotoxicity of gaharu bouya oil from Borneo’s Gonystylus bancanus wood

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