Anatomical distribution of avian bornavirus in parrots, its occurrence in clinically healthy birds and ABV-antibody detection

Lierz, Michael; Hafez, Hafez Mohamed; Honkavuori, Kirsi S.; Gruber, Achim D.; Olias, Philipp; Abdelwhab, Elsayed M.; Kohls, Andrea; Lipkin, Ian W.; Briese, Thomas; Hauck, Rüdiger

doi:10.1080/03079450903349238

Cited by 64 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A viral etiology has long been suspected. Recently, different genotypes of avian bornavirus (ABV), a new species of the family Bornaviridae, were identified in psittacines that died from PDD (4,6,7,11,13). The first experimental data support the etiological role of ABV (2).…”

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confidence: 65%

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Avian Bornavirus Infection in Psittacine Birds

et al. 2010

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Different avian bornavirus (ABV) genotypes have recently been detected in psittacine birds with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), an inflammatory fatal central and peripheral nervous system disorder. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) for intra vitam demonstration of ABV-specific serum antibodies was established since reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays may not detect all ABV variants.

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Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Avian Bornavirus Infection in Psittacine Birds

et al. 2010

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“…staining (IHC), 16,18,20 gbRT-PCR, 13,16,17 and real-time RT-PCR. 10,14,17 The use of real-time RT-PCR has been documented in only a small number of tissues from a small number of birds, and has been used to describe viral distribution rather than viral load. 17 The objective of the current study is to describe the use of real-time RT-PCR to estimate viral load in various tissues from ABV-infected psittacine birds, and to compare these findings to the results of gbRT-PCR and IHC on the same samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Avian bornavirus in multiple tissues of infected psittacine birds using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

et al. 2014

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Avian bornavirus (ABV), the cause of proventricular dilation disease in psittacine birds, has been detected in multiple tissues of infected birds using immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the current study, real-time RT-PCR, using primers targeting the ABV matrix gene, was used to detect ABV in 146 tissues from 7 ABV-infected psittacine birds. Eighty-six percent of the samples tested positive, with crossing point values ranging from 13.82 to 37.82 and a mean of 22.3. These results were compared to the findings of a previous study using gel-based RT-PCR and IHC on the same samples. The agreement between the 2 RT-PCR techniques was 91%; when tests disagreed it was because samples were negative using gel-based RT-PCR but positive on real-time RT-PCR. Agreement with IHC was 77%; 16 out of 74 samples were negative using IHC but positive on real-time RT-PCR. The results suggest that real-time RT-PCR is a more sensitive technique than gel-based RT-PCR and IHC to detect ABV in tissues. The tissues that were ranked most frequently as having a high amount of viral RNA were proventriculus, kidney, colon, cerebrum, and cerebellum. Skeletal muscle, on the other hand, was found to have a consistently low amount of viral RNA.

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“…In fact, it commonly spreads to all the major organs, including heart, liver, adrenals, and the kidneys. 1,[3][4][5] Birds infected with ABV have an incubation period that may range from 20 days to several years. 6 For much of this time, the birds may appear healthy but shed the virus through their choana, nares, and droppings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Avian bornavirus in the urine of infected birds

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2012

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Avian bornavirus (ABV) causes proventricular dilatation disease in multiple avian species. In severe clinical disease, the virus, while primarily neurotropic, can be detected in many organs, including the kidneys. We postulated that ABV could be shed by the kidneys and found in the urine of infected birds. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated viral N and P proteins of ABV within the renal tubules. We adapted a nonsurgical method of urine collection for use in parrots known to be shedding ABV in their droppings. We obtained urine without feces, and results were compared with swabs of fresh voided feces. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay performed on these paired samples from five birds indicated that ABV was shed in quantity in the urine of infected birds, and a single sample was urine-positive and fecal-negative. We suggest that urine sampling may be a superior sample for detection of birds shedding ABV, and advocate that additional birds, known to be shedding or infected with ABV, should be investigated via this method.

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Anatomical distribution of avian bornavirus in parrots, its occurrence in clinically healthy birds and ABV-antibody detection

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Avian Bornavirus Infection in Psittacine Birds

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Avian Bornavirus Infection in Psittacine Birds

Detection of Avian bornavirus in multiple tissues of infected psittacine birds using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Avian bornavirus in the urine of infected birds

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