Anatomical Assessment of the Thorax in the Neonatal Foal Using Computed Tomography Angiography, Sectional Anatomy, and Gross Dissections

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to correlate the anatomic features of the normal thorax of neonatal foals identified by CTA, with anatomical sections and gross dissections. Contrast-enhanced transverse CTA images were obtained in three neonatal foals using a helical CT scanner. All sections were imaged with a bone, mediastinal, and lung windows setting. Moreover, cardiac volume-rendered reconstructed images were obtained. After CT imaging, the cadaver foals were sectioned and dissected to facilitate the interpretation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures to the corresponding CTA images. Anatomic details of the thorax of neonatal foals were identified according to the characteristics of CT density of the different organic tissues and compared with the corresponding anatomical sections and gross dissections. The information obtained provided a valid anatomic pattern of the thorax of foals, and useful information for CTA studies of this region.

Cross-Sectional Anatomy and Computed Tomography of the Coelomic Cavity in Juvenile Atlantic Puffins (Aves, Alcidae, Fratercula arctica)

“…Moreover, this CT window and the different planes were quite effective in visualising the extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary portions of the primary bronchus into each lung ( Figure 12 C). Comparable findings have been reported in previous CT investigations performed on other species, such as neonatal foals [ 35 ], reptiles [ 36 ] and different avian species [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Meanwhile, the application of the soft tissue window provided additional insights into puffin cardiac topography and its associated blood vessels ( Figure 4 C, Figure 5 C, Figure 6 C, Figure 7 C).…”

A Cadaveric Study Using Anatomical Cross-Section and Computed Tomography for the Coelomic Cavity in Juvenile Cory’s Shearwater (Aves, Procellariidae, Calonectris borealis)

“…Nonetheless, these techniques have been applied to other bird species routinely seen by specialists in the field, such as the domestic pigeon ( Columba livia domestica ), toco toucans ( Ramphastos toco ), and gray parrot ( Psittacus erithacus ), demonstrating that they are essential for enabling normal anatomy and abnormalities in the internal organs of birds [ 20 , 23 , 24 ]. Traditionally, clinicians have used imaging modalities such as radiography [ 30 ] and ultrasonography (usually mode B) [ 16 , 27 ], which have been essential in obtaining images of the bony and the architecture of the internal organs that compose this region. Modern imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI, have become essential techniques in veterinary medicine because they provide early identification of focal and diffuse changes.…”

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE KOMODO DRAGON (Varanus komodoensis) AND THE GREEN IGUANA (Iguana iguana) SKULL BY THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION

“…The data collection requires multiple parallel thin sections, which are all obtained at the same gantry tilt. Ideally, a high-speed scanner such as the scanning beam 'cine' CT system can produce a rapid sequence of quality thin sections to minimize motion artifact (12). This procedure can image the surface of bony structures with different degrees of rotation without the superimposition of soft tissues (12,13,14).…”