Anatomical and morphological modifications in response to flooding by six Cerrado tree species

Abstract

Wetlands are common in the Cerrado (Brazilian savannas) biome, however flooding of these wetlands impairs growth and development of most plants. We evaluated flood tolerance of typical Cerrado trees. Seedlings of Aspidosperma macrocarpon (Apocynaceae), Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae), Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Bignoniaceae), Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), Kielmeyera coriacea (Calophyllaceae) and Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae) were flooded up to the stem base for 30 days. Stems with cortical cracks, secondary aerenchyma and hypertrophic lenticels were observed in flooded plants of M. urundeuva, H. chrysotrichus and T. rosea while adventitious roots were formed in flooded plants of T. rosea and H. chrysotrichus. However, only T. rosea developed aerenchyma in the root cortex. K. coriacea and A. macrocarpon were the most sensitive to flooding, showing a decrease in survival and necrosis of the leaves and roots. C. langsdorffii and M. urundeuva were less sensitive to flooding, although reductions in root biomass and symptoms of necrosis of the roots were noticeable in flooded seedlings. Flooded M. urundeuva seedlings also had a decrease in total leaf area, leaf biomass, total biomass and in stem growth. Flooding affected root development and reduced stem growth of H. chrysotrichus with symptoms of necrosis of the leaves and roots. T. rosea was the only species where symptoms of injury from flooding were not evident.

Photosystem II fluorescence and growth in cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) grown under waterlogging stress

“…In addition, according to Ashraf (2012), under these conditions, oxidative stress, alterations in nutrient levels, and anatomical and morphological changes occur in plants. Therefore, the effects of waterlogging induce a reduction in dry mass production (Pedó et al 2015), an increase in total root length and a decrease in leaf area (Casierra-Posada & Gómez, 2008), alterations in dry matter partitioning in the different organs (Casierra-Posada & Vargas, 2007), leaf necrosis (Oliveira et al 2015) and reduction in the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content have also been observed (Kozlowski, 1997).…”

Flood tolerance in two tree species that inhabit both the Amazonian floodplain and the dry Cerrado savanna of Brazil

“…Cerrado plants of G. ulmifolia developed cracks on the surface of the stems, causing rupture of the bark and exposing the internal tissues. This would have the same function of enhancing aeration by connecting the internal tissues directly with the atmosphere ( Metcalfe 1931 ; Davanso et al 2003 ; Shimamura et al 2010 ; Oliveira et al 2015 ). This response from the dryland-adapted form does not fit well with the notion of it being an adaptation to waterlogging.…”

Uso, conhecimento e conservação de Myracrodruon urundeuva: uma revisão sistemática

“…As mudas de aroeira apresentam viabilidade para a agricultura biossalina comum em áreas de Caatinga (Dantas et al, 2014;Bessa et al, 2017;Lima et al, 2018b). A associação da alta salinidade com encharcamento do solo provoca diminuição das trocas gasosas nas mudas (Lima et al, 2017a), afetando negativamente a biomassa foliar e os comprimentos de caule e raiz (Oliveira et al, 2015a). Development, v. 9, n. 11, e2329118851, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.8851 Embora sejam resistentes ao estresse hídrico algumas características morfoanatômicas das plântulas podem ser afetadas pela diminuição de água no solo, a exemplo do número de estômatos nas folhas, área foliar e comprimento da raiz (Silva et al, 2017a).…”