Anatomical and Metabolic Responses to Waterlogging and Salinity in Spartina Alterniflora and S. Patens (Poaceae)

Naidoo, G.; McKee, Karen L.; Mendelssohn, I. A.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13652.x

Cited by 76 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the study area, crabs can move up to 3 kg md2 d-' of sediment (Iribarne et al 1997). This accumulation of sediment over the soil surface could also reduce the flow of oxygen from the air in to the soil due to increased sediment cohesion (Mendelssohn et al 1982, Barbour et al 1987) and waterlogging (Naidoo et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata on a Spartina salt marsh

Bortolus¹,

Iribarne²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

157

144

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In this work we evaluated the effect of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata on the soil quality and on the cordgrass Spartina densiflora in a SW Atlantic coastal lagoon (Argentina, 37'32'S, 57" 19'W). Soil hardness and percolation rates were higher outside the crab inhabited area than inside, and soil profiles showed 2 different strata In areas without crabs. Crabs were associated with low soil water content, a higher variabihty In pH, and a homogeneous distribution of organic matter. Meiofaunal abundance was lower inside the area inhabited by crabs than outside. The water content of aboveground structures of S. densiflora was lower inside the crab populated areas. Leaf survival was lower inside the area inhabited by crabs than outside. In areas with new shoots (after burning by a brush flre) crabs depleted the aboveground plant structures. A caging experiment showed that crabs decreased leaf survival by herbivory. During the experiment, substrata was covered by sediment displaced by crabs, and the area showed less soil hardness and lower percolation rates than controls. Crabs decreased water content and organic matter on upper sediment layers. Meiofaunal abundance (arachnids and insects) was higher in control plots (without crabs) than in treatment plots. A field selection expenment showed that crabs decreased survival of young stems, but did not affect old stems. K11 this evidence suggests that C. granulata affects cordgrass production by herbivory on new shoots, and can change the physical characteristics of the environment, which may also indirectly affect S. densiflora production. Thus, the general belief that in Spartina marshes only a small proportion of primary production is consumed in situ may not apply to SW Atlantic Spartina marshes inhabited by crabs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata on a Spartina salt marsh

Bortolus¹,

Iribarne²

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

157

144

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“…ADH can be induced by other environmental stresses including salt, temperature, and soil drying (Naidoo et al, 1992;Russell and Sachs, 1992;Jarillo et al, 1993;Dolferus et al, 1994), in addition to the response to hypoxia documented in Table I. In our system, the control treatment plants were exposed to the same regimen of temperature, light, and outside gas composition as was experienced during spaceflight on the orbiter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceflight Exposure Effects on Transcription, Activity, and Localization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in the Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 1997

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Although considerable research and speculation have been directed toward understanding a plant's perception of gravity and the resulting gravitropic responses, little is known about the role of gravity-dependent physical processes in normal physiological function. These studies were conducted to determine whether the roots of plants exposed to spaceflight conditions may be experiencing hypoxia. Arabidopsis fhaliana (1.) Heynh. plants were grown in agar medium during 6 The increase in ADH activity associated with the spaceflight roots was realized by a 28% decrease in oxygen availability in a groundbased study; however, no reduction in redox potential was observed in measurements of the spaceflight bulk agar. Spaceflight exposure appears to effect a hypoxic response in the roots of agar-grown plants that may be caused by changes in gravity-mediated fluid and/or gas behavior.

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“…In Spartina alterniflora, C:N decreases and tissue N increases with rising salinity (Bradley & Morris 1992), which also corresponds with elevated proline and glycine betaine levels (Naidoo et al 1992) and an elevated growth rate at moderate salinities (Wang et al 2006). Spartina spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Glutamine synthetase partitioning in native and introduced salt marsh grasses

Hazelton¹,

Knight²,

Theodose³

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Plants with higher glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in photosynthetic tissues than below-ground structures (high leaf:root [L:R] GS activity) show growth advantages over plants with a low L:R GS activity ratio. The benefits of a high L:R GS activity ratio are well documented in agricultural systems, but little is known about the ecology of GS partitioning in natural systems. To determine the ecological significance of GS partitioning, we measured above-and below-ground GS activity in Spartina grasses field-collected from a Maine salt marsh and others raised in a growth chamber from seed. The more stress-tolerant, faster growing S. alterniflora had a higher L:R GS activity than S. patens in chamber-and marsh-grown plants throughout the growing season. Additionally, we compared GS partitioning in native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis. While we did not find a significant difference between the subspecies, the L:R GS activity in both native and introduced reeds was among the highest reported. Our results indicate that high L:R GS activity corresponds with observed stress tolerance, growth and competitive ability in both natural and agricultural systems.KEY WORDS: Nitrogen metabolism · Spartina · Salt marsh · Glutamine synthetase · Phragmites australis · Native Phragmites · Invasive plants · Enzyme partitioning Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 414: [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] 2010 of growth (Colmer et al. 1996, Hester et al. 2001, requiring a high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to balance stress tolerance and growth (Stewart & Rhodes 1978). Spartina alterniflora is more stress tolerant than S. patens (Maricle et al. 2007), but stress increases its N requirement (Bradley & Morris 1992). To tolerate the low marsh environment, S. alterniflora has a higher Nuptake rate, NUE and biomass accumulation than S. patens (Drake et al. 2008). S. alterniflora is likewise more salt tolerant than introduced Phragmites australis (Vasquez et al. 2006); however, once established, P. australis can outcompete S. alterniflora under field salinities and has greater N-uptake rates, tissue N concentration (Farnsworth & Meyerson 2003), shoot biomass, root biomass (under controlled conditions: introduced P. australis > native P. australis > S. alterniflora), a higher affinity for N at low and high concentrations and more readily uses dissolved organic N .We compared Spartina patens and S. alterniflora and the 2 subspecies of Phragmites australis to investigate how the location of glutamine synthetase (GS) relates to growth in salt marsh plants. GS is the rate-limiting enzyme in amino acid biosynthesis (Lam et al. 1996, Kichey et al. 2006. As part of the GS-(GOGAT) cycle, GS assimilates inorganic N (NH 4 + ) by catalyzing the ammination of glutamate to glutamine (Miflin & Lea 1977). Multiple isoforms of GS fall into 3 general categories: cytosolic GS I , chloroplastic GS II and root-specific GS (GS R ) (Lam et al. 1996). Leaf GS is critical to a...

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Anatomical and Metabolic Responses to Waterlogging and Salinity in Spartina Alterniflora and S. Patens (Poaceae)

Cited by 76 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata on a Spartina salt marsh

Effects of the SW Atlantic burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata on a Spartina salt marsh

Spaceflight Exposure Effects on Transcription, Activity, and Localization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in the Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Glutamine synthetase partitioning in native and introduced salt marsh grasses

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