Anatomic variations of anterior cerebral artery cortical branches

Hemodynamic Effect of Unequal Anterior Cerebral Artery Flow Rates on the Anterior Communicating Artery Bifurcation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

“…The diameter was assigned a unit length of 1, and all other dimensions were scaled accordingly and proportioned from other studies [12,13]. The bifurcation angle from the A1 to A2 segments of the anterior cerebral arteries was chosen to be 45 degrees, within the range of clinical models.…”

Dancing in a Roar: Multilobed Aneurysm Arising From Azygous Anterior Cerebral Artery

“…The unusual fusion of the paired A2 is either originates from the medial branch of the olfactory artery at the initial 16 mm stage during embryonic development or the continuation of the median artery in the corpus callosum at the 24-mm stage. [2] Among the lower primates, there is no anterior communicating artery. Unpaired ACA is normal in snakes, tortoises, and crocodiles [3].…”

“…However, it is a rare variation in human in which A2 segments of both ACAs are represented by a single common vessel. It may have profound clinical implications with an incidence of 1.15 to 5% [1,2,4] which is either due to lack of development or regression of anterior cerebral artery during embryogenesis. Different types of azygos ACA has been described in the literature [4].…”

“…Another reason for the frequent existence of an aneurysm in the ACA is being the most primitive vessel in Circle of Willis. Arteriovenous malformation, agenesis of corpus callosum, bilateral ischemia, holoprosencephaly, and hydranencephaly are other frequent intracranial abnormalities associated with primitive ACA [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Anisocoric pupil generated by azygos anterior cerebral artery: a case report

“…However, although some studies have provided important information about the circle of Willis (EFTEKHAR, DADMEHR, ANSARI et al, 2006;SUEMOTO, GRINBERG, APARECIDA et al, 2008), ACA (STEFANI, SCHNEIDER, MARRONE et al, 2000;TUBBS, SHOJA, SHOKOUHI et al, 2007) and AACA (WAN-YIN, MING-HUA, BIN-XIAN et al, 2014), little is known about other neurological disorders caused by the AACA, especially if it can cause some ocular alteration. Thereby, the aim of this report is to demonstrate by computed tomography angiography (CTA) examinations the presence of AACA as a possible cause of anisocoric pupil.…”