Anatomic Variation of Facial Vein in Carotid-Cavernous Fistula and Trans–Facial Vein Embolization

Luo, Chao-Bao; Chang, Feng-Chi; Teng, Michael Mu Huo; Ting, Ta-Wei

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.02.033

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It linearly descends from the superior medial area to the inferior lateral area, and anastomoses with the anterior branch of the mandibular vein, becoming the common FV and joining with the IJV at the level of the greater horn of the hyoid bone in many cases. 2,4) According to Choundhry et al, 5) the FV joined with the external jugular vein (EJV), but not with the IJV, in 5% of autopsy cases. On the other hand, Luo et al 2) examined venous anatomy in 26 patients on whom TVE of carotid cavernous sinus fistulae via the FV was performed, and reported that the FV was connected with the EJV in 16 (62%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4) According to Choundhry et al, 5) the FV joined with the external jugular vein (EJV), but not with the IJV, in 5% of autopsy cases. On the other hand, Luo et al 2) examined venous anatomy in 26 patients on whom TVE of carotid cavernous sinus fistulae via the FV was performed, and reported that the FV was connected with the EJV in 16 (62%). Furthermore, as other rare exceptional FVs, an FV joining with the mandibular vein at the level of the parotid gland and that joining with the superficial temporal vein were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) However, in some cases, the CS cannot be reached for anatomical reasons or obliteration is impossible using this trans-IPS route. In such cases, a route to reach the CS through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) via the facial vein (FV) is used as an alternative approach, 2) but there are many variations in the venous anatomy of the head and neck. In this study, we report a patient with a CSdAVF in whom the FV, as an outflow vein of the CSdAVF, had returned to the jugular venous arch (JVA) connecting the left and right superficial veins at the inferior anterior cervix, and TVE was performed using this route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Patient with a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Whom an Approach through the Jugular Venous Arch Involving Facial Vein Return Was Adopted

Nagase

Tokunaga

Watanabe

et al. 2021

JNET

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We report the case of a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSdAVF) treated by transvenous embolization (TVE) via the jugular venous arch (JVA) connecting bilateral superficial cervical veins.Case Presentation: A male patient in his 50s presenting with diplopia and headache was diagnosed with a CSdAVF. The first session of TVE resulted in incomplete obliteration of the fistula due to poor accessibility through the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS), and postoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) disclosed a newly developed drainage route into the facial vein (FV) connecting to the anterior jugular vein (AJV) and the JVA. The patient underwent the second session of TVE through the JVA, FV, and the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), and obliteration was achieved. Conclusion:There is a considerable variation in the anatomy of facio-cervical veins in patients with CSdAVF. Meticulous preoperative evaluation of the venous drainage route using modern diagnostic tools is indispensable to achieve successful results in patients with CSdAVF. Keywords▶ dural arteriovenous fistula, coil embolization, jugular venous archThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives International License.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Patient with a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Whom an Approach through the Jugular Venous Arch Involving Facial Vein Return Was Adopted

Nagase

Tokunaga

Watanabe

et al. 2021

JNET

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“…42 These can be reached by cannulating the facial vein from the internal jugular vein and then navigating across the angular vein to reach the ophthalmic veins. 47,48 A sample case of venous access to an indirect CCF via the facial vein is demonstrated in Fig 2 D-F.…”

Section: Transfacial Venous Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endovascular Management of Intracranial Dural AVFs: Transvenous Approach

Bhatia

Lee

Kortman

et al. 2021

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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In this third review article on the endovascular management of intracranial dural AVFs, we discuss transvenous embolization approaches. Transvenous embolization is increasingly popular and now the first-line approach for ventral dural AVFs involving the cavernous sinus and hypoglossal canal. In addition, transvenous embolization is increasingly used in lateral epidural dural AVFs in high-risk locations such as the petrous and ethmoid regions. The advantage of transvenous embolization in these locations is the ability to retrogradely embolize the draining vein and fistula while reducing the risk of ischemic cranial neuropathy or brain parenchymal infarction commonly feared from a transarterial approach. By means of coils 6 ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, transvenous embolization can achieve angiographic cure rates of 80%-90% in ventral locations. Potential complications include transient cranial neuropathy, neurologic deterioration due to venous outflow obstruction, and perforation while navigating pial veins. Transvenous embolization should be considered when dural AVFs arise in proximity to the vasa nervosum or extracranial-intracranial anastomoses.ABBREVIATIONS: CCF ¼ carotid cavernous fistula; dAVF ¼ dural AVF; ECA ¼ external carotid artery; EC-IC ¼ external carotid to internal carotid; EVOH ¼ ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; IPS ¼ inferior petrosal sinus; JR-NET3 ¼ Japanese Registry of Neuro Endovascular Therapy; RPC ¼ reverse pressure cooker; TAE ¼ transarterial embolization; TVE ¼ transvenous embolization

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“…The most commonly used route to the CS is the inferior petrosal sinus 9). Alternative route include the pterygoid plexus, the superior petrosal sinus, the common facial vein, and direct access of the superior ophthalmic vein 4)10)12)13). In addition, the dilated supraorbital vein provides an alternative route to the superior ophthalmic vein but is rarely reported 2)5)11)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvenous Embolization of Dural Carotid Cavernous Fistula through the Supraorbital Vein

Han

Kim

Kang

et al. 1970

J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg

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We describe a case of transvenous embolization through the dilated supraorbital vein to treat a dural carotid cavernous fistula. The approach through the common facial vein or direct access of the superior ophthalmic vein is a commonly used route to the superior ophthalmic vein when the approach via the inferior petrosal sinus is unavailable. In rare cases, the dilated supraorbital vein provides an alternative route and we discuss the technical details.

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Anatomic Variation of Facial Vein in Carotid-Cavernous Fistula and Trans–Facial Vein Embolization

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

A Patient with a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Whom an Approach through the Jugular Venous Arch Involving Facial Vein Return Was Adopted

A Patient with a Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Whom an Approach through the Jugular Venous Arch Involving Facial Vein Return Was Adopted

Endovascular Management of Intracranial Dural AVFs: Transvenous Approach

Transvenous Embolization of Dural Carotid Cavernous Fistula through the Supraorbital Vein

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