Anatomic relationship of the proximal nail matrix to the extensor hallucis longus tendon insertion

Abstract

We have found that the extensor tendon is between the matrix and the phalanx and extends dorsally to the distal aspect of the distal phalanx. The nail matrix of the great toe is not attached to the periosteum of the dorsal aspect of the base of distal phalanx as is the case in fingers, because the extensor hallucis tendon is plantar or directly underneath the nail matrix and the tendon is dorsal to the bone. Our anatomic study demonstrates that the proximal limit of the matrix and nail bed of the human great toe are dorsal and overlapping the terminal extensor hallucis longus tendon until its distal bony insertion in all specimens.

Immunohistochemical identification of nail matrix melanocytes

“…Likewise, it is necessary to train health personnel on the anatomy of the nail, the indications of each type of biopsy and the appropriate collection and processing of nail samples. The knowledge of anatomy of the nail is important to prevent intraoperative and postoperative complications in nail surgery …”

Accessory extensor pollicis longus tendon in emergency surgery

“…In a cadaveric study, tendon bony insertions were anatomically and histologically detailed for use as reference landmarks during digital surgery and invasive procedures. 1 The EPL receives its blood supply from the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. It is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a continuation of a deep branch of the radial nerve (root values C7 and C8).…”

Anatomic and Histological Features of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon Insertion in the Proximal Nail Matrix of the Second Toe

“…Several studies have evaluated the nail anatomy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as well as the flexor and extensor hallucis brevis and abductor and adductor hallucis tendon insertions of the hallux proximal phalanx base with surgical implications [12]. Indeed, the anatomic and histologic relationship between the proximal nail matrix and the distal tendons insertion has already been detailed for the distal extensor pollicis longus tendon of the fingernail matrix in the thumb [13], as well as the extensor hallucis longus tendon insertion into the proximal nail matrix of the great toe [14]. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, this anatomic and histologic relationship between the proximal nail matrix and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) tendon insertion has not yet been described in the lesser toes.…”