Anatomic mapping of the collateral branches of the external carotid artery with regard to daily clinical practice

Cobiella, Rosana; Quinones, Sara; Aragonés, P.; León, Xavier; Abramović, Anto; Vazquez, Teresa; Sañudo, José Ramón; Maranillo, Eva; Olewnik, Łukasz; Blas, Clara Simón de; Parkin, Ian; Konschake, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151789

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This range corresponds to the mean pedicle and SCJ ap length in our study, indicating that it is su cient to reach recipient vessels on the neck, primarily the facial artery/vein, super cial temporal vessels, and branches of the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein or external/internal jugular veins. The pedicle can be anastomosed to any of the suitable vessels in this area, but the most commonly preferred recipient would be the facial artery with an average caliber of 3.6 +/-2.3 mm [3], which closely matches the mean caliber of the internal thoracic artery on the right (3.0 +/-0.5 mm) and left (2.9 +/-0.4 mm) hemithorax [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Raise a Sternochondral Joint Flap Based on Internal Thoracic Vessels for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction? A Preliminary Cadaveric Study

Alpat,

Aydın,

Kaya

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Purpose The free fibula flap is the gold standard for reconstructing mandibular defects caused by trauma, tumors, dysplastic diseases, osteoradionecrosis, and atrophy, but it has not yet been shown to be the ideal method for condylar reconstruction. This anatomical study proposes a surgically pragmatic approach to temporomandibular joint and condylar reconstruction via defining sternochondral joint vascularity.Methods Six fixed cadavers were dissected to assess the suitability of the 4th rib for the planned procedure. The internal thoracic vessels and branches near the sternochondral joint were carefully identified. The sternochondral joint flap was then harvested, focusing on cartilaginous rib to preserve the joint surface and vascular network. After contouring to fit the temporomandibular joint and condylar deformity, the flap was securely placed. Additional pedicle length measurements were taken.Results Perforators of the internal thoracic artery and vein constituted the dominant pedicle. The mean pedicle length was sufficient to reach recipient vessels on the neck. The compatibility between the 4th sternochondral flap and the glenoid fossa was confirmed.Conclusion A multitude of therapeutic approaches have been employed in the past to reconstruct the temporomandibular joint and condyle, albeit with restricted efficacy owing to chondral graft resorption or size mismatch in three-dimension. In contrast, this study shows that the fourth sternochondral joint flap is a promising free flap with ideal pedicle positioning, length, and vascular size match at the anastomosis. This technique is suitable for reconstructing this inherently difficult region of the temporomandibular joint, thereby offering reconstructive surgeons another method in their armamentarium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Raise a Sternochondral Joint Flap Based on Internal Thoracic Vessels for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction? A Preliminary Cadaveric Study

Alpat,

Aydın,

Kaya

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Cobiella et al (2021) studied 193 cadavers and observed the OA originating either from the ECA (94.7%), or from the carotid bifurcation (3.9%); the authors also observed that the OA could leave the ECA on any of its posterior, lateral, medial, or postero-lateral sides [ 25 ]. Different authors found the OA leaving the vertebral artery [ 26 ] or the vertebral artery arising from the OA [ 27 ]; we did not find such anatomical variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Levels of the Occipital Artery Origin

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives. The occipital artery (OA) is a posterior branch of the external carotid artery (ECA). The origin of the OA is commonly referred to a single landmark. We hypothesized that the origin of the OA could be variable as referred to the hyoid bone and the gonial angle. We thus aimed at patterning the vertical topographic possibilities of the OA origin. Materials and Methods. One hundred archived computed tomography angiograms were randomly selected, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 90 files were kept (53 males, 37 females). The cases were documented bilaterally for different levels of origin of the OA origin: type 1—infrahyoid; type 2—hyoid; 3—infragonial; 4—gonial; 5—supragonial; 6—origin from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Results. The incidence of unilateral types in the 180 OAs was: type 1—1.11%, type 2—5.56%, type 3—40.56%, type 4—28.33%, type 5—23.33% and type 6, ICA origin of the OA—1.11%. There was found a significant association between the location of the left and right origins of the OAs (Pearson Chi2 = 59.18, p < 0.001), which suggests the presence of a strong symmetry of the origins. Bilateral symmetry of the vertical types of the OA origin was observed in 56.67% of cases; in 43.33% there was bilateral asymmetry. Conclusions. The ICA origin of the OA is an extremely rare variant. For surgical planning or prior to endovascular approaches the topography of the OA origin should be carefully documented, as it may be located from an infrahyoid to a supragonial level.

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“…The aberrant origin of the STA was identified with a variable-wide prevalence ranging from 0 to 76%, while the typical STA origin was identified at 24%-100% [ 4 , 8 ]. In the majority of cases, the LA and FA originated from the anterior surface of the carotid arterial axis in 76.6%, and 96.1% of the cases [ 12 ], contrariwise to Livini [ 13 - 14 ] who found the LA origin from the medial surface of the carotid axis in 75% and the FA origin from the anteromedial (70%) and the medial (30%) surface of the carotid arterial axis. Troupis et al [ 15 ] identified the coexistence of a bilateral origin of an STA from the CCA and the unilateral origin of the LA from the CCA bifurcation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lingual and Facial Artery Fusion: A Cadaveric Report With Clinical Significance

Piagkou¹,

Triantafyllou²,

Nikolopoulou³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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The external carotid artery (ECA) anterior branches, including the superior thyroid, the lingual, and the facial artery (STA, LA, and FA) present variability among cadaveric studies. These arteries may usually originate as isolated branches from the ECA anterior surface and atypically migrate proximally or distally and/or fused into trunks with the most common fusion that of the LA with the FA, into the linguofacial trunk (LFT), and the rarer ones those of the thyrolingual and thyrolinguofacial trunks. The current report describes a case of a bilateral fusion of the LA with the FA into an LFT and another case of a unilateral origin of the FA from the LA (aberrant FA). In a 75-year-old donated male cadaver, a bilateral symmetrical LFT coexisted with a right-sided STA origin from the ECA proximal origin, at the level of the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation. In an 82-year-old donated female cadaver, at the left side, the atypical origin of the FA from the LA proximal origin coexisted with a common trunk of the left CCA with the brachiocephalic artery, and an atypical origin of the STA from the CCA, 3.65 mm inferior to the CCA bifurcation. This report provides a detailed description of the abnormal origin of the ECA anterior branches, the potential fusion of these branches, their exact location, and the existence of an unusual origin proximal or distal to the CCA bifurcation. Aberrant origin and course remain important in surgical and interventional approaches. A thorough understanding of the typical and variable anatomy of the ECA anterior branches ensures safe and successful intervention. Careful preoperative staging and precise dissection are essential components of this process.

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Anatomic mapping of the collateral branches of the external carotid artery with regard to daily clinical practice

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Can We Raise a Sternochondral Joint Flap Based on Internal Thoracic Vessels for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction? A Preliminary Cadaveric Study

Can We Raise a Sternochondral Joint Flap Based on Internal Thoracic Vessels for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction? A Preliminary Cadaveric Study

Vertical Levels of the Occipital Artery Origin

Lingual and Facial Artery Fusion: A Cadaveric Report With Clinical Significance

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