Anatomic evaluation of the incisive canal with cone beam computed tomography and its relevance to surgical procedures in the mental region: a retrospective study in a Brazilian population

Gomes, Luciano Teles; Mourão, Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros; Braga, Cícero Luiz; Almeida, Luiz Fernando Duarte de; Mello-Machado, Rafael Coutinho; Calasans-Maia, Mônica Diuana

doi:10.1007/s10006-018-0716-8

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The MAR is not considered to be completely free of surgical complications (2,4). To collect a bone graft from the symphysis, a depth of 4 mm must be respected (21); the present study found a mean value of 3.96 mm similar to the value reported by Gomes et al (3.9 mm) (16). When comparing our data with those in previous studies, our findings were smaller than the distance of 4.65 mm reported by Kong et al (10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mandibular incisive canal-related prevalence, morphometric parameters, and implant placement implications: a multicenter study of 847 CBCT scans

Lm²,

Av³

et al. 2020

Med Oral

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Background: This study evaluated the epidemiological and morphological features of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a significant sample of subjects in Brazil. Material and Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study assessed 847 CBCT scans performed at four oral imaging centers. The sample comprised CBCT images acquired from dentate individuals who presented at least from tooth 35 to tooth 45 in the anterior mandible region. Data regarding patient sex and age, and MIC linear measurements (length and diameter in mm), anatomical distances (to the alveolar, buccal and lingual cortexes, inferior border of the mandible, and adjacent teeth apexes), and location were obtained. Results: The MIC was more prevalent in women (76.3% [p<0.001]) between the fourth and sixth decades of life (p<0.001). It was present bilaterally (p<0.001) and exhibited a mean length of 7.7 mm (standard deviation [SD]=3.7 mm). Spearman correlation and logistic regression analysis revealed collinearity between age and linear measurements (p<0.05). The mean distances varied from the initial to the final portion of the MIC, respectively, in relation to the buccal cortex (mean=2.6 mm, SD=1.27; mean=3.96 mm; SD=1.43), to lingual cortex (mean=5.13 mm; SD=1.7; mean=4.61 mm, SD = 1.65), and to the inferior mandibular border (mean = 9.32 mm, SD=1.92; mean=8.76 mm, SD=2.07 mm). The difference in the proximity of the MIC to the apex of the inferior lateral incisor was statistically significant (p<0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mandibular incisive canal-related prevalence, morphometric parameters, and implant placement implications: a multicenter study of 847 CBCT scans

Lm²,

Av³

et al. 2020

Med Oral

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“…Although the genial spinal canal is seldom described in anatomy textbooks, it is doubtless present in almost 100% of cases as confirmed by different investigations (Liang et al, 2006;Birkenfeld et al, 2015;Ferreira Barbosa et al, 2019;Gilis et al, 2019). In the literature, there is some confusion about the nomenclature of this structure in the mandible (He et al, 2017), possibly because there is no defined term for it in the official terminologia anatomica (FIPAT, 2011) In some publications, the term "incisive canal" is used (Serman, 1989;Jacobs et al, 2002;Mraiwa et al, 2003;Raitz et al, 2014;Pereira-Maciel et al, 2015;Ramesh et al, 2015;Gomes et al, 2018;Ferreira Barbosa et al, 2019;Gilis et al, 2019). However, that term refers to the maxillary incisor canal and according to the anatomical nomenclature is incorrect in the context of the mandible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of the Genial Spinal Canal

et al. 2019

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The aim of this anatomical study was to investigate the genial spinal canal histologically and to reconstruct it three‐dimensionally to improve understanding of its anatomy and to reveal any differences between dentate and edentulous specimens. Two tissue blocks from the mandible between the left and right second incisors, one dentate and one edentulous, were fixed in 4.5% formaldehyde, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Serial histological sections were prepared, stained with Azan and examined microscopically. Additionally, three‐dimensional models of the blocks were reconstructed using microphotographs of the sections. The genial spinal canal in the dentate specimen contained a neurovascular bundle, which branched into a nerve innervating the incisor and a neurovascular bundle, whereas that in the edentulous specimen contained some nerves for vestibular gingival innervation and a vascular bundle. The results suggest differences in the genial spinal canal between dentate and edentulous mandibles. Further research is needed to confirm this finding. Clin. Anat., 33:1102–1108, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…In clinical practice, the most commonly used radiological technique for morphological assessment of the MIC is cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated the presence, size, and position of the MIC on CBCT images [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, to our knowledge, no CBCT study has evaluated the presence, size, and distance of the MIC from adjacent anatomical landmarks, and the observer variability of MIC measurements, in the dentate mandibles of Caucasian (Italian) patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection Rate and Variability in Measurement of Mandibular Incisive Canal on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Study of 220 Dentate Hemi-Mandibles from Italy

et al. 2022

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The mandibular incisive canal (MIC) is a small bony channel located in the interforaminal region; it represents the anterior continuation of the mandibular canal. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most commonly utilized radiological technique for assessing the MIC. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the detectability and variability in measurements of the MIC on CBCT. A total of 220 dentate hemi-mandibles were retrospectively selected for this study. For each hemi-mandible, the detectability, diameter, and distance of the MIC from anatomical landmarks (cortical plates and tooth apices) were evaluated in consensus by two observers. The analysis was performed at four different levels (first premolar, canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor) and was repeated after one month. The variability of MIC measurements was expressed as the coefficient of repeatability (CR), obtained from the Bland–Altman analysis. The MIC detection rate reduced from the first premolar to the central incisor (from 82.3% to 0.5%). The CR of MIC measurements (diameter and distances from anatomical landmarks) was ≤0.74 mm. Although the MIC is difficult to detect in a non-negligible percentage of cases, the limited variability in measurements confirms that CBCT is an effective technique for the assessment of the MIC.

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Anatomic evaluation of the incisive canal with cone beam computed tomography and its relevance to surgical procedures in the mental region: a retrospective study in a Brazilian population

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Mandibular incisive canal-related prevalence, morphometric parameters, and implant placement implications: a multicenter study of 847 CBCT scans

Mandibular incisive canal-related prevalence, morphometric parameters, and implant placement implications: a multicenter study of 847 CBCT scans

Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of the Genial Spinal Canal

Detection Rate and Variability in Measurement of Mandibular Incisive Canal on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Study of 220 Dentate Hemi-Mandibles from Italy

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