Anatomic Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase Gene Expression in the Rat Brain1

Roselli, Charles E.; Abdelgadir, Salah E.; Rønnekleiv, Oline K.; Klosterman, Scott

doi:10.1095/biolreprod58.1.79

Cited by 104 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The sex differences in the volume of these structures that have been observed in these species are influenced by the endocrine state of the subjects in adulthood and do not simply reflect organizational effects of steroids as is the case for volumetric sex differences in the more restricted parts of these nuclei identified as the SDN-POA in rat of the SDA pars compacta in gerbils (see above). The fact that the rat MPN and the quail POM are specifically labeled by a dense expression of aromatase (identified by in situ hybridization in rat and by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in quail) further support this hypothesized homology [13,70,119,147]. Based on this criterion, the sheep sexually dimorphic nucleus of the mPOA would also be homologous [127].…”

Section: The Preoptic Neuronal Circuit Controlling Male Sexual Behavimentioning

confidence: 80%

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

Balthazart

Ball

2007

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

191

168

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Several studies have suggested dissociations between neural circuits underlying the expression of appetitive (i.e. sexual motivation) and consummatory components (i.e., copulatory behavior) of vertebrate male sexual behavior. The medial preoptic area (mPOA) clearly controls the expression of male copulation but, according to a number of experiments, is not necessarily implicated in the expression of appetitive sexual behavior. In rats for example, lesions to the mPOA eliminate maletypical copulatory behavior but have more subtle or no obvious effects on measures of sexual motivation. Rats with such lesions still pursue and attempt to mount females. They also acquire and perform learned instrumental responses to gain access to females. However, recent lesions studies and measures of the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos demonstrate that, in quail, subregions of the mPOA, in particular of its sexually dimorphic component the medial preoptic nucleus, can be specifically linked with either the expression of appetitive or consummatory sexual behavior. In particular more rostral regions can be linked to appetitive components while more caudal regions are involved in consummatory behavior. This functional sub-region variation is associated with neurochemical and hodological specializations (i.e. differences in chemical phenotype of the cells or in their connectivity), especially those related to the actions of androgens in relation to the activation of male sexual behavior, that are also present in rodents and other species. It could thus reflect general principles about POA organization and function in the vertebrate brain.

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Section: The Preoptic Neuronal Circuit Controlling Male Sexual Behavimentioning

confidence: 80%

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

Balthazart

Ball

2007

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

191

168

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“…However, the ability of estrogens and androgens to work in tandem to regulate male behavior was confirmed by investigators who demonstrated that co-treatment of castrated male animals with estradiol and dihydrotestosterone restored all parameters of male sexual behavior comparable to that of animals treated with testosterone alone (Baum and Vreeburg, 1973). Several brain regions important for controlling male sexual behavior contain aromatase activity (Naftolin, 1975, Selmanoff, 1977, Roselli et al, 1998 providing support for the concept that testosterone can be converted locally to estradiol within selective brain sites. Recent studies using the aromatase null mouse model (ArKO) underscore the importance of brain aromatase and estrogen in male rodent sexual behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

Handa

Pak

Kudwa

et al. 2008

Hormones and Behavior

183

122

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The complexity of gonadal steroid hormone actions is reflected in their broad and diverse effects on a host of integrated systems including reproductive physiology, sexual behavior, stress responses, immune function, cognition, and neural protection. Understanding the specific contributions of androgens and estrogens in neurons that mediate these important biological processes is central to the study of neuroendocrinology. Of particular interest in recent years has been the biological role of androgen metabolites. The goal of this review is to highlight recent data delineating the specific brain targets for the dihydrotestosterone metabolite, 5α-androstane, 3β, 17β-diol (3β-Diol). Studies using both in vitro and in vivo approaches provide compelling evidence that 3β-Diol is an important modulator of the stress response mediated by the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Further, the actions of 3β-Diol are mediated by estrogen receptors, and not androgen receptors, often through a canonical estrogen response element in the promoter of a given target gene. These novel findings compel us to re-evaluate the interpretation of past studies and the design of future experiments aimed at elucidating the specific effects of androgen receptor signaling pathways.

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“…Aromat ase is a key enzyme for the production of sex steroids and catalyzes the final step of the biosynthetic pathway of estrogens. Aromatase has been reported to be widely distributed in extragonadal and gonadal tissues including the ovaries (1), testis (2), placenta (3), adipose tissues (4), skin (5), and brain (6). Aromatase is well known to take part in various important functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, through estrogen biosynthesis in an endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine fashion (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PET of Aromatase in Gastric Parietal Cells Using ¹¹C-Vorozole

Ozawa¹,

Takahashi²,

Akazawa³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

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Aromatase is a rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis and has been implicated in pathophysiological states of various diseases via estrogen production. This enzyme is known to be widely distributed in extragonadal and gonadal tissues including the stomach. In contrast to circulating estrogen, the functional role of gastric aromatase/estrogen has not been elucidated in detail, because there is no efficient methodology to investigate spatiotemporal changes of gastric aromatase/ estrogen in vivo. Recently, (S)-11 C-6-[(4-chlorophenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzotriazole ( 11 Clabeled vorozole), based on a potent nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, has been developed as a tracer to investigate aromatase distribution in living animals and humans using a noninvasive PET technique. In the present study, we investigated gastric aromatase expression by means of PET with 11 C-vorozole. Methods: After bolus injection of 11 C-vorozole into the tail vein, emission scans were obtained for 90 min on male and female rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Displacement studies with unlabeled vorozole and autoradiographic analysis were conducted for demonstration of specific binding. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm aromatase expression. Results: PET scans revealed that 11 C-vorozole highly accumulated in the stomach and adrenal glands. Displacement studies and autoradiography demonstrated that aromatase was expressed in the stomach but that the accumulation of 11 C-vorozole in the adrenal glands might be through nonspecific binding. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that aromatase is expressed in gastric parietal cells but not in adrenal glands. Moreover, the accumulation of 11 C-vorozole in the stomach was significantly increased in fatigued rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that the 11 C-vorozole PET technique is a useful tool for evaluation of gastric aromatase dynamics in vivo, which may provide important information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of gastric aromatase/estrogenrelated pathophysiological processes and for the development of new drugs.

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Anatomic Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase Gene Expression in the Rat Brain1

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

PET of Aromatase in Gastric Parietal Cells Using ¹¹C-Vorozole

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Anatomic Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase Gene Expression in the Rat Brain1

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

Topography in the preoptic region: Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors

An alternate pathway for androgen regulation of brain function: Activation of estrogen receptor beta by the metabolite of dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol

PET of Aromatase in Gastric Parietal Cells Using 11C-Vorozole

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PET of Aromatase in Gastric Parietal Cells Using ¹¹C-Vorozole