Anatomic aspects of epididymis and tunica vaginalis in patients with testicular torsion

Abstract

Intravaginal torsion is the most frequent type, and torsion due to long mesorchium is associated with cryptorchism. The most frequently found anatomical relation between testis and epididymis in the study group was Type I.

Testicular torsion and weather conditions: analysis of 21,289 cases in Brazil

“…The free space between visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis can extend proximally up to the cord for a variable distance. When it extends to the spermatic cord, an abnormality denominated "bell-clapper deformity" is characterized, leading to an over-mobility of the testis that hangs freely within the tunical space (1,18,19). However, the presence of bell-clapper abnormality is only a predisposing factor to testicular torsion, since not all men with such deformity develop testicular torsion (19).…”

Epididymal Polar Dissociation: A Previously Undescribed Anatomical Variant

“…A combination of these was identified in this patient. These conditions are more common in patients with cryptorchidism but this was not present in this case [7]. …”

Testicular Torsion in an Elderly Man

“…Also, the mesorchium is often long and the epididymis elongated in cryptorchidism, predisposing it to torsion. 3 The incidence of testicular torsion accounts for approximately 16% to 42% of boys with acute scrotum in several studies. Because not all patients with acute scrotal pain have torsion, the sonographer should be vigilant when examining the testis.…”