Anatidae Migration in the Western Palearctic and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus

Gilbert, Marius; Xiao, Xiangming; Doménech, Joseph; Liu, Juan; Martin, Vincent; Slingenbergh, Jan

doi:10.3201/eid1211.060223

Cited by 228 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The implication of this is that low temperatures and frost conditions influenced the pattern of introduction, spread, and persistence of the H5N1 virus. This is commensurate with the speculations of other authors (Gauthier-Clerc et al, 2007;Gilbert et al, 2006;Kilpatrick et al, 2006) that the severe cold wave in Eastern Europe, which started in January 2006, might have pushed many wintering bird species away from their usual wintering grounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Conversely, the global pattern of H5N1 is generally consistent with the major bird migration routes (Kilpatrick et al, 2006;Si et al, 2009), and H5N1 virus spread has been found to broadly match bird migration in the Western Paleartic (Gilbert et al, 2006). Experimental infection of swans and geese has revealed that these birds may shed H5N1 virus before the onset of clinical signs (Brown et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several authors have remarked that the rapid westward expansion of the H5N1 virus recorded at the end of January 2006 was probably triggered by birds escaping the sudden frost conditions affecting the Black Sea basin (GauthierClerc et al, 2007;Gilbert et al, 2006;Kilpatrick et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

et al. 2010

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In January 2006, a major cold spell affected Europe, coinciding with an increase of H5N1 influenza virus detected in wild birds, mostly dead mute swans, starting along the River Danube and the Mediterranean coast line. Subsequently H5N1 detections in wild birds were concentrated in central and western parts of Europe, reaching a peak in mid February. We tested the hypothesis that the geographic distribution of these H5N1 infections was modulated by the long-term wintering line, the 0°C isotherm marking the limit beyond which areas are largely unsuitable for wintering waterfowl. Given the particularly cold [2005][2006] European winter, we also considered the satellite-derived contemporary frost conditions. This brought us to select the long-term maximum rather than the mean January 0°C isotherm as the best approximation for the [2005][2006] wintering line. Our analysis shows that H5N1 detection sites were closer to the wintering line than would be expected by chance, even when the geographic distribution of water bird wintering sites was accounted for. We argue that partial frost conditions in water bodies are conducive to bird congregation, and this may have enhanced H5N1 transmission and local spread. Because the environmental virus load also would build up in these hot spots, H5N1 virus may have readily persisted during the spring, at least in cooler areas. We conclude that H5N1 introduction, spread, and persistence in Europe may have been enhanced by the cold 2005-2006 winter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

et al. 2010

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“…Several studies have reported temporal and spatial overlap between global H5N1 outbreaks and bird migration patterns (e.g. Gilbert et al 2006;Si et al 2009) and some species held under laboratory conditions have been seen to shed these viruses without overt clinical symptoms (Keawcharoen et al 2008). Yet most isolations of HPAI viruses in wild birds are from dead or moribund individuals, with only three reported cases of HPAI H5N1 from apparently healthy birds (Feare 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying crucial gaps in our knowledge of the life-history of avian influenza viruses—an Australian perspective

Klaassen

Hoye

Roshier

2011

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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“…11,12 Viral transmission between migratory waterfowl and domestic bird populations, in either direction, can occur through several mechanisms, including direct contact in areas where the 2 groups share environments, scavenging on H5N1 HPAI virus-infected carcasses, and through ''bridge'' species that can transmit the virus between domestic poultry and migratory waterfowl populations. Small terrestrial birds commonly found around poultry environments have a strong potential to serve as important ''bridge'' species owing to their peridomestic behavior and extensive interaction with both free-living and domesticated avian populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious and Lethal Doses of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus for House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) and Rock Pigeons (Columbia Livia)

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Terrestrial wild birds commonly associated with poultry farms have the potential to contribute to the spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus within or between poultry facilities or between domesticated and wild bird populations. This potential, however, varies between species and is dependent on several virus and host factors, including habitat utilization, susceptibility, and viral shedding patterns. To provide data on susceptibility and shedding patterns of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columba livia), 20 birds from each species were inoculated with decreasing concentrations of A/ whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1) HPAI virus, and the birds were evaluated for morbidity, mortality, viral shedding, and seroconversion over a 14-day trial. The house sparrows were highly susceptible to the H5N1 HPAI virus as evidenced by low infectious and lethal viral doses. In addition, house sparrows excreted virus via the oropharynx and cloaca for several days prior to the onset of clinical signs. Based on these results, house sparrows could play a role in the dissemination of H5N1 HPAI virus in poultry. In contrast, pigeons were resistant to the HPAI virus, requiring a high concentration of virus to produce infection or death. When infection did occur, the duration of viral shedding was brief, and viral titers were low. The data suggests that pigeons would contribute little to the transmission and spread of H5N1 HPAI virus in poultry.

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Anatidae Migration in the Western Palearctic and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus

Abstract: Anatids may have spread the virus along their autumn migration routes.

Cited by 228 publications

References 26 publications

The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

The Cold European Winter of 2005–2006 Assisted the Spread and Persistence of H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds

Identifying crucial gaps in our knowledge of the life-history of avian influenza viruses—an Australian perspective

Infectious and Lethal Doses of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus for House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) and Rock Pigeons (Columbia Livia)

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