Anatase TiO_2−x and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy has been used as a treatment option for cancer; however, the existing TiO2 photosensitizer does not have the ability to specifically target cancer cells. This lack of selectivity...

Transition-Metal-Based Nanozymes: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Therapeutic Action, and Applications in Cancer Treatment

“…PDT involves the utilization of photosensitizer-converted light energy to generate cytotoxic 1 O 2 upon exposure to light irradiation. − However, the efficacy of PDT alone is often compromised by the hypoxic tumor environment. Consequently, nanozymes with CAT-like activity offer a solution to this predicament by converting high concentrations of H 2 O 2 in the tumor area into O 2 , thereby reinforcing PDT. , For example, Liu et al developed a precisely defined and homogeneous nanoplatform (Ce6/Ftn@MnO 2 ) comprising MnO 2 as a CAT-like nanozyme, chlorin e6 (Ce6) as a photosensitizer, and ferritin (Ftn) as an inherent tumor-targeting nanovector for enhanced PDT of tumors (Figure A) .…”

Precision USPIO-PEG-SLex Nanotheranostic Agent Targeted Photothermal Therapy for Enhanced Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy to Treat Immunotherapy Resistance

“…1 Primary approaches for managing cancer encompass a range of strategies, such as surgical interventions to remove tumors, the administration of chemotherapy to attack cancer cells, utilizing radiation therapy to target and eliminate cancerous tissues, employing targeted therapy to specifically target cancer cells, utilizing hormone therapy to control hormone-driven cancers, and employing photodynamic therapy to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer cells, etc. [2][3][4][5] However, due to the complexity of tumors and potential adverse effects such as resistance in radiation therapy and systemic toxicity induced by chemotherapy, traditional treatment strategies have some limitations in achieving the desired therapeutic outcomes. Recently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a promising approach in immunotherapy for a range of advanced solid tumors, including cases insensitive to platinum-based drug chemotherapy and those experiencing recurrence or metastasis.…”

Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoradiosensitizers for Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy

“…[ 41–43 ] Nanoradiosensitizers are defined as nanocomposites that augment tumor RT sensitivity and enhance the efficacy of RT by amplifying radiation‐induced ROS and DNA damage, while also modulating the TME. [ 44–50 ] These nanoradiosensitizers possess multifunctional properties such as excellent biocompatibility, increased permeability, rational catalytic properties, and effective loading capacities of drugs. [ 51–53 ] These properties enable the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects in tumor tissues, [ 54–56 ] making them highly desirable for the fabrication of nano‐radiosensitizers.…”