Anastomotic patterns of the facial parotid plexus (PP): A human cadaver study

Bendella, Habib; Spacca, Barbara; Rink, Svenja; Stoffels, Hans-Juergen; Nakamura, Makoto; Scaal, Martin; Heinen, Heide; Guntinas‐Lichius, Orlando; Goldbrunner, Roland; Grosheva, Maria; Angelov, Doychin N.

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2017.06.001

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A comprehensive overview of the parotid plexus, also known as the pes anserinus, and variant facial nerve anatomy has been recently published on the basis of a study of 158 human cadaver dissections. 22 On the basis of this work and prior work, it is known that the facial nerve exits the skull base at the stylomastoid foramen and then divides into a superior temporofacial trunk and an inferior cervicofacial trunk, usually within the parotid gland. These trunks then divide into many small rootlets, which form a parotid plexus.…”

Section: Inherent Facial Nerve Anatomy Imaging Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These trunks then divide into many small rootlets, which form a parotid plexus. 22 These parotid plexus rootlets ultimately join into the 5 classically taught branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical. However, these branches are variable and are often present in duplicate or triplicate.…”

Section: Inherent Facial Nerve Anatomy Imaging Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MR Imaging of the Extracranial Facial Nerve with the CISS Sequence

Guenette

Ben‐Shlomo

Jayender

et al. 2019

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging is not routinely used to image the extracranial facial nerve. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which this nerve can be visualized with a CISS sequence and to determine the feasibility of using that sequence for locating the nerve relative to tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirty-two facial nerves in 16 healthy subjects and 4 facial nerves in 4 subjects with parotid gland tumors were imaged with an axial CISS sequence protocol that included 0.8-mm isotropic voxels on a 3T MR imaging system with a 64-channel head/neck coil. Four observers independently segmented the 32 healthy subject nerves. Segmentations were compared by calculating average Hausdorff distance values and Dice similarity coefficients. RESULTS:The primary bifurcation of the extracranial facial nerve into the superior temporofacial and inferior cervicofacial trunks was visible on all 128 segmentations. The mean of the average Hausdorff distances was 1.2 mm (range, 0.3-4.6 mm). Dice coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.82. The relative position of the facial nerve to the tumor could be inferred in all 4 tumor cases. CONCLUSIONS:The facial nerve can be seen on CISS images from the stylomastoid foramen to the temporofacial and cervicofacial trunks, proximal to the parotid plexus. Use of a CISS protocol is feasible in the clinical setting to determine the location of the facial nerve relative to tumor.

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Section: Inherent Facial Nerve Anatomy Imaging Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Inherent Facial Nerve Anatomy Imaging Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging of the Extracranial Facial Nerve with the CISS Sequence

Guenette

Ben‐Shlomo

Jayender

et al. 2019

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Within the parotid gland, CNVII bifurcates into two primary trunks: larger temporo-facial and a smaller cervicofacial trunk. The two primary trunks form the parotid plexus and thus form connections along six distinctive anastomotic types in 44% of the cases [20]. Thereafter, from the parotid plexus originates five major branches (with wide variations): temporal (r. temporales), the zygomatic (r. zygomatici), the buccal (r. buccales), mandibular (R. marginalis mandibularis), and the cervical (r. cervicales) [18,19,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Facial Nerve-cnviimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proprioception in the Muscles Supplied by the Facial Nerve

Solé-Magdalena¹,

Junquera²,

Cobo³

et al. 2019

Selected Topics in Facial Nerve Disorders

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Proprioception is a quality of somatosensibility that informs the central nervous system about the static and dynamics of muscles and joints. In muscles, the proprioceptive originates in the specialized sensory-organ-denominated muscle spindles. Nevertheless, facial muscles lack muscle spindles, but the facial proprioception plays key roles in the regulation and coordination of facial musculature and diverse reflexes. At the basis of these functional characteristics are the multiple communications between the facial and the trigeminal nerves, and neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated that facial proprioceptive impulses are conveyed via branches of the trigeminal nerve to the central nervous system. Substituting muscle spindles facial muscles contain other kinds of proprioceptors of variable morphology that display immunoreactivity for some putative mechanoproteins known to participate in proprioception (acid-sensing ion channel 2, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, and Piezo2).

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“…Translational peripheral nerve anatomy is studied through different methods such as macroscopic cadaveric dissections, surgical interventions, electrodiagnostic studies, and laboratory research (Mazurek and Shin, ; Konschake et al, ; Schulz et al, ; Bendella et al, ; Hausott and Klimaschewski, ; Moroni et al, ). Macroscopic anatomic research itself is often criticized for not providing novel scientific results (Mazurek and Shin, ; Lippert, ).…”

Section: Application Of Ionm and Ultrasonography In Thyroid Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Anatomy Revisited: Modern Requirements for Neuroimaging and Microsurgery

Konschake

Burger

Zwierzina

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Detailed anatomic investigation of peripheral nerve topography underlies the correct application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and ultrasonography, both well-established methods to prevent nerve palsy during surgical operations and to elucidate pathomechanisms in disease. In this study, we analyzed the anatomy of selected peripheral nerves in the head and neck regions to improve the outcome of endocrine and migraine surgeries. Anatomic dissections of 204 hemilarynges were performed to study the topography of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN). Measurements were taken from the lower rim of the cricoid and from the Zuckerkandl tubercle to the beginning of the furcation of the ILN. For the analysis of peripheral nerves contributing to migraine pathogenesis, 22 hemifaces were investigated by dissection and ultrasonography. The supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves and their relationship to the corrugator supercilii muscle are described. For identification of the ILN, the cricoid offers a suitable intraoperative landmark. A single branch existed in 5% of specimens on the left side and in 3% on the right side. Bifurcation was present in 72.5% and 62% and trifurcation in 18% and 29% of cases, respectively. IONM signals from the vagus nerve were positive if derived proximal to and negative if derived distal to the branching off of a nonrecurrent ILN (nrILN). By ultrasonographic identification of a brachiocephalic trunk, an nrILN could be excluded. For migraine surgery, possible compression points of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves were identified, and a workflow algorithm for ultrasound visualization of these nerves is provided. Anat Rec, 302:1325-1332, 2019.

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Anastomotic patterns of the facial parotid plexus (PP): A human cadaver study

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

MR Imaging of the Extracranial Facial Nerve with the CISS Sequence

MR Imaging of the Extracranial Facial Nerve with the CISS Sequence

The Proprioception in the Muscles Supplied by the Facial Nerve

Peripheral Nerve Anatomy Revisited: Modern Requirements for Neuroimaging and Microsurgery

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