Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in Fine Needle Aspirates

Us‐Krašovec, Marija; Golouh, Rastko; Auersperg, M.; Bešič, Nikola; Ruparčič-Oblak, Ljudmila

doi:10.1159/000334007

Cited by 92 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, ATCs do not often show evidence of thyroid differentiation at the microscopic or immunohistochemical level (2). Although a co-existing differentiated carcinoma can be occasionally observed on histology by serial sectioning (21), this component is rarely observed in aspirates (6). Since the BRAF V600E mutation is found in 25% of the ATCs (22), a correct ATC diagnosis can lead to BRAF gene testing and, if a mutation is found, to a tailored therapeutic regimen (3,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PAX8 is expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a study of three cases with histological correlates

Bellevicine

Iaccarino

Malapelle

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: It is difficult to diagnose anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) in a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) sample because, given the loss of morphological and immunophenotypical follicular thyroid features, its cytology resembles that of other undifferentiated neoplasms. Recent studies have shown that immunostaining for paired box gene 8 (PAX8), a transcription factor expressed in normal thyroid, is effective for diagnosing ATCs on histology. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PAX8 could be used to identify ATCs on cytology also. Design and methods: We selected three PAX8-immunostained undifferentiated FNA samples previously diagnosed as suspected ATCs, whose cell block had been negative for the expression of TGB and thyroid transcription factor-1. Matched histological samples, available in two cases, were also processed for PAX8 immunohistochemistry. Results: All three FNA samples were PAX8 positive. Two samples that had an epithelioid pattern showed a diffuse, intense nuclear signal. The third sample, which had a spindle-cell pattern, showed less intense and more patchy staining. Matched histology yielded overlapping results. Conclusions: PAX8 immunocytochemistry can help cytopathologists to diagnose ATCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in most cases, only undifferentiated cells are aspirated. Microscopic identification of these cells as ATC-derived cells is difficult because of their variable appearance, which reflects different histological patterns (6); consequently, ancillary staining is necessary not only in cytology but also in histology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX8 is expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a study of three cases with histological correlates

Bellevicine

Iaccarino

Malapelle

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Us-Krasoveck et al reported 113 patients with ATC; 107 (94.7%) of them were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy, and 96 out of these 107 patients were correctly diagnosed as anaplastic cancer 31 . One of the features of ATC is the aggressive invasion of the thyroid capsule, adjacent structures, early lymph nodes and distant spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in Egypt

Ibrahim

Askoura

2018

Kasr-Al-Aini J.of Clin. Onc. and Nuc. Med.

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Introduction: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare lethal malignancy. It is one of the most aggressive human malignancies with limited progress in finding effective therapies. Aim: We aimed to study the treatment outcome and prognostic factors of ATC patients treated at our institution. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed charts of 30 ATC patients, treated at the Clinical Oncology Department, AinShams University from 2006 to 2017. The clinical characteristics and factors affecting survival were studied. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of the patients. Results: The median age of patients was 60 years and males represented 63% of them. Almost half of patients (47%) had stage IVA disease. Equal number of patients received combined modality treatment versus single modality treatment (37% each). The median OS was 3 months (95% Confidence interval: 1.429-4.571). Variables associated with significantly better OS in univariate analysis included male sex (p=0.04), stage IVA disease (p=0.012), surgical treatment (p=0.034), radiotherapy (p=0.003), and combined modality treatment (p=0.005). However, only female sex was identified as significant poor prognostic variable of OS (p=0.043) by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Our results of treatment outcome and prognosis of ATC agree with most of the literature. Multimodality treatment is currently the standard of care. While still there is no successful treatment of this rapidly fatal disease, exploration of novel therapies and approaches are warranted to help improve the outcome.

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“…It accounts for just 1.3 to 9.8% of all thyroid cancers globally (1.7% in the USA) and has an overall age-adjusted incidence of 1 to 2 cases per million population per year [2,3]. Because of its rarity, epidemiologic studies typically encompass published series spanning several decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other common presenting symptoms include symptoms of laryngeal, tracheal, and esophageal obstruction [3]. One retrospective study found that patients with ATC complained of dysphagia (40%), voice change (40%), and stridor (24%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 59-Year-Old Male with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Kidnie¹,

Sopha²,

Sweet³

2017

IJRRT

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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a very rare and extremely aggressive carcinoma of the thyroid. Prognosis is dismal and by definition, is classified as stage IV upon diagnosis. Imaging plays a central role in defining the extent of disease, planning therapy, and monitoring the response to treatment. This case report illustrates the aggressive nature of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and the value of imaging in guiding tumor biopsy, identification of metastases, and planning therapy.

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Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in Fine Needle Aspirates

Cited by 92 publications

References 12 publications

PAX8 is expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a study of three cases with histological correlates

PAX8 is expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: a study of three cases with histological correlates

Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in Egypt

A 59-Year-Old Male with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

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