Anaplastic Sarcoma of the Kidney

Abstract

We present a case of an extremely rare and relatively new tumor entity of the kidney, the anaplastic sarcoma. Although of unknown origin and pathogenesis, treating such a tumor as if it was anaplastic Wilms' tumor seems to be the only therapeutic solution at the present time. Newer immunohistochemical staining and molecular probes should be applied to this neoplasm in order for us to understand it nature and maximize therapy.

Polyphenotypic Anaplastic Sarcoma of the Kidney: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Renal tumors account for 6% to 8% of tumors in pediatric age group, the most common of which is the Wilm tumor; however, there are rare tumors, which are often missed with the incorrect common diagnosis of the Wilm tumor (2). One of these rare pediatric tumors is anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney, which is an extremely rare tumor in this age group.…”

“…According to the available literature, imaging studies was not specifically conducted on this tumor; however, in most of the cases the tumor was solid, cystic, and heterogeneous in ultrasonography, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was completely compatible with the diagnosis of the Wilm tumor and could not be differentiated based on the imaging modalities (2).…”

“…Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney is an exceptionally rare tumor with polyphenotypic features; therefore, it is called polyphenotypic anaplastic sarcoma by some authors (2). Evaluation of the histologic and molecular characteristics of this tumor showed that it is very similar to undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver and pleuropulmonary blastoma of lung; therefore, some authors considered them as counterparts (3).…”

Anaplastic sarcoma of the kidney with chromosomal abnormality: first report on cytogenetic findings

“…According to their report, ASK mainly occurs in children or adolescents younger than 15 years and is histologically characterized by widespread anaplastic changes such as pleomorphic cells and highly atypical mitotic figures, polyphenotypic mesenchymal differentiation, and absence of blastemal element, neoplastic epithelial structure, and nephrogenic rest. The only subsequent case report describing ASK [2] does not discuss cytogenetic abnormality in ASK. ASK was previously diagnosed as various types of tumor, most often as anaplastic nephroblastoma, and was treated accordingly, with relatively good overall outcome [1].…”

Adult teratoid Wilms’ tumor: A case report of rare variant with predominant neuroepithelium

“…Primary renal teratomas display unequivocal heterotopic organogenesis such as stratified squamous epithelium associated with skin adnexa, intestinal mucosal epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle bundles, and neuroglial tissue associated with choroid plexus epithelium [12] . ASK are composed of small primitive mesenchymal cells coexisting with a spindle cell component exhibiting anaplastic nuclear changes [15] . In summary, we have reported a case of a 32-year-old Egyptian female with a teratoid WT with predominant heterologous neuroepithelial differentiation.…”